# Cannabidiol CBD

> Dive into our Cannabidiol CBD blog and stay updated with the latest trends, research, and insights about CBD. Knowledge at your fingertips!

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- [Home](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/): Navigate the CBD landscape with our in-depth guides, research summaries, and usage tips. Discover the wonders of Cannabidiol today!
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## Posts

- [Hemp Oil Isolate](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/hemp-oil-isolate/): Hemp oil isolate is one of the purest and most concentrated cannabidiol (CBD)-based products, gaining increasing popularity in the global market. It is a
- [CBD Oil Tincture](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-oil-tincture/): CBD oil tincture is a concentrated cannabidiol extract dissolved in an oil base, commonly used as an effective means of supporting physical and emotional
- [CBD Oil for Cats](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-oil-for-cats/): In modern veterinary practice, there is growing interest in alternative methods for supporting the health of pets, particularly cats. Among these methods
- [CBD Oil for Dogs](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-oil-for-dogs/): Understanding a dog's physiology is not just about feeding, walking, or vaccinations. It's primarily about the balance in the nervous, immune, and
- [CBD Massage Oil](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-massage-oil/): CBD isn't a new trend. It's an active molecule that humanity has known about for a long time, but has only started using in earnest in recent decades.
- [CBD Vape Oil](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-vape-oil/): Vaping is one of the most popular modern technologies for consuming various substances. It involves heating a liquid into an aerosol that is inhaled by
- [Pure Hemp Oil](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/pure-hemp-oil/): Pure hemp oil is a highly concentrated extract of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, produced in strict compliance with organic cultivation technologies and
- [Full Spectrum CBD Oil](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/full-spectrum-cbd-oil/): Full-spectrum CBD oil is a unique product that is gaining increasing popularity among those seeking effective natural remedies to support health. Its
- [Endocannabinoid System](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/endocannabinoid-system/): Over the past several decades, the attention of scientists, medical professionals, and pharmacologists has increasingly focused on a deeper understanding
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin-thcv/): Among the numerous phytocannabinoids produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) draws the attention of researchers as
- [Cannabifuran (CBF)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabifuran-cbf/): Cannabifuran (CBF) is a chemical compound belonging to the class of synthetic cannabinoids, which mimic the biochemical activity of natural cannabinoids
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcolic Acid (THCA-C1)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic-acid-thca-c1/): In cannabinoid chemistry, the systematic study of structural variants within the phytocannabinoid series has opened the door to investigating a number of
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THC-C1)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol-thc-c1/): Research on cannabinoids over the past decades has significantly deepened the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in human
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid-C4 (THCA-C4)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-c4-thca-c4/): Within the field of natural compound chemistry, there exists a category of molecules that science recognizes not because they are widespread or exhibit
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid B (THCA-B)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-b-thca-b/): Cannabinoid chemistry is currently undergoing a latent transformation. The gradual depletion of the potential of well-studied metabolites has shifted the
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A (THCA-A)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-a-thca-a/): Cannabinoids are a class of terpene-phenolic compounds that occur naturally, synthetically, or endogenously and interact with the endocannabinoid receptor
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (THC-C4)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-c4-thc-c4/): Cannabinoid chemistry has long sparked intense interest in scientific circles, bringing together researchers from organic chemistry, pharmacology,
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-tch/): The molecule Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is one of the most well-known, yet simultaneously one of the most controversial and least accurately
- [Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (Δ8-THCA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-%ce%b48-thca/): Within the scope of research on natural compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids remain some of the most intriguing subjects from
- [Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol-%ce%b48-thc/): Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol is not just a variant of an already known molecule. It is an artifact of the chemical plasticity of cannabinoids and
- [Cannabitriolvarin (CBTV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabitriolvarin-cbtv/): The endocannabinoid system in mammals, particularly the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as several non-specific targets (TRP channels, GPR55, PPARγ), is
- [Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic-acid-thcva/): Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVA) is the acidic form of a lesser-known varin cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa L. in extremely low
- [10-Oxo-Delta-6a-Tetrahydrocannabinol (OTHC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/10-oxo-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol-othc/): In modern cannabinoid chemistry, there is a rapidly growing interest in tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives that are not naturally found in cannabis but are
- [Cannabichromanon (CBCF)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromanon-cbcf/): Cannabichromanon (CBCF) is one of the lesser-studied members of the cannabinoid class - natural phenolic compounds produced by the Cannabis sativa plant.
- [Cannabiglendol](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabiglendol/): Cannabiglendol is one of the rare and little-studied natural compounds of the Cannabis genus, belonging to the class of cannabinoids. This chemical
- [Cannabiripsol (CBR)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabiripsol-cbr/): The mammalian endocannabinoid system, the study of which intensified following the discovery of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD),
- [Cannabicitran (CBT)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicitran-cbt/): The natural cannabinoid system derived from the Cannabis sativa L. plant constitutes a complex ensemble of triterpene-like compounds with numerous
- [Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/dehydrocannabifuran-dcbf/): Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF) is a poorly studied cannabinoid compound with a dibenzofuran structure, first identified in trace amounts in pyrolysis products
- [Delta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (cis-THC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol-cis-thc/): Δ⁹-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-cis-THC) is a rare but chemically and pharmacologically significant stereoisomer of one of the main psychoactive
- [Trihydroxy-Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (triOH-THC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/trihydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-trioh-thc/): The cannabinoid system, although a relatively new subject of targeted pharmacological analysis, has already demonstrated exceptional flexibility in the
- [3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol (OH-iso-HHCV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/3-4-5-6-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-26-methano-2h-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol-oh-iso-hhcv/): In modern organic chemistry, particular interest is drawn to compounds that contain complex cyclic systems with functional groups capable of significantly
- [10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/10-ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol/): Cannabis, or hemp, is one of the oldest and most well-known plants used for medicinal, industrial, and recreational purposes. The constituents of this
- [Cannabitriol (CBT)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabitriol-cbt/): Cannabitriol (CBT) is one of the lesser-studied compounds within the cannabinoid group and is a naturally occurring product of Cannabis plants. While most
- [8,9-Dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/8-9-dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabino/): Over the past few decades, the pharmacology of natural compounds has experienced significant transformative growth, especially in the area of cannabinoid
- [Cannabivarin (CBV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabivarin-cbv/): In the context of contemporary cannabinoid science, there remains an asymmetry in attention towards different representatives of this chemical group: the
- [Cannabiorcol (CBN-C1)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabiorcol-cbn-c1/): Cannabiorcol (CBN-C1) is one of the cannabinoids - a group of organic compounds naturally found in plants of the Cannabis genus. These molecules have
- [Cannabinolic Acid (CBNA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-c4-cbn-c4-2/): Cannabinolic acid (CBNA) is a relatively underexplored yet scientifically promising compound in the context of natural cannabinoid chemistry. Unlike most
- [Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-c4-cbn-c4/): Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4) is a relatively new cannabinoid that is gaining increasing interest among scientists due to its potential in various fields,
- [Cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-c2-cbn-c2/): Cannabinols are a class of biologically active compounds that have gained significant attention in scientific research due to their ability to interact
- [Cannabinol Methyl Ether (CBNM)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-methyl-ether-cbnm/): The chemistry of cannabinoids at the current stage of development has gone far beyond the natural cannabis product and its primary metabolites.
- [Cannabinol (CBN)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-cbn/): Despite the growing interest in cannabinoids within pharmacology and neurobiology, cannabinol (CBN) has long remained in the shadow of more extensively
- [Cannabinodivarin (CBVD)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinodivarin-cbvd/): Over the past two decades, there has been a noticeable paradigm shift in scientific discourse surrounding phytocannabinoids-from narrowly focused studies
- [Cannabinodiol (CBND)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinodiol-cbnd/): Cannabinodiol (CBND) is one of many cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. However, despite its presence in cannabis extracts and chemical
- [Cannabigerovarinic Acid (CBGVA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerovarinic-acid-cbgva/): Cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA) is one of many cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. However, despite its importance in scientific research, CBGVA has
- [Cannabigerovarin (CBGV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerovarin-cbgv/): Within the chemical profile of Cannabis sativa L., the spotlight has long been focused on well-studied phytocannabinoids such as Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol
- [Cannabielsoin Acid A (CBEA-A)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabielsoin-acid-a-cbea-a/): Cannabielsoin Acid A (CBEA-A) is a relatively new compound within the context of cannabinoids, drawing attention from researchers due to its chemical
- [Cannabielsoic Acid B (CBEA-B)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabielsoic-acid-b-cbea-b/): Cannabielsoic Acid B (CBEA-B) belongs to the group of non-canonical cannabinoids that form as minor derivatives within the biochemical metabolism of
- [Cannabielsoin (CBE)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabielsoin-cbe/): In the field of cannabinoid science, primary bioactive components of Cannabis sativa have traditionally garnered the most attention. However, the true
- [Cannabigerol (CBG)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerol-cbg/): Over the past few decades, cannabinoids, biologically active compounds naturally found in Cannabis sativa L., have become the focus of extensive
- [Monomethyl Ether of Cannabigerol (CBGM)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/monomethyl-ether-of-cannabigerol-cbgm/): The monomethyl ether of cannabigerol (CBGM) is a derivative of cannabigerol (CBG), one of the primary cannabinoids found in cannabis. Like other
- [Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerolic-acid-cbga/): Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), as the primary precursor of many cannabinoids, is a molecule receiving significant attention in scientific research due to its
- [Monomethyl Ether of Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGAM)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/monomethyl-ether-of-cannabigerolic-acid-cbgam/): Monomethyl ether of cannabigerolic acid (CBGAM) is a novel and largely unexplored member of the class of acidic cannabinoids, arising through the specific
- [Cannabidivarinic Acid (CBDVA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidivarinic-acid-cbdva/): Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) is an important molecule in the context of emerging cannabinoid research, gaining increasing attention due to its potential
- [Cannabidivarin (CBDV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidivarin-cbdv/): Over the past few decades, cannabinoids, once subjects of criminalization, have gradually transformed into a focus of intense scientific interest. Amid
- [Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidiorcol-cbd-c1/): Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1) is a relatively new cannabinoid that has attracted significant attention from scientists due to its potential medical and
- [Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidiolic-acid-cbda/): Over the past few decades, natural cannabinoids have become the subject of intense scientific interest due to their unique biochemical profiles and
- [Cannabichromevarin (CBCV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromevarin-cbcv/): Cannabichromavarin (CBCV) is one of the lesser studied phytocannabinoids, also called cannabivarichromene, and occurs naturally in plants of the genus
- [Monomethyl Ether of Cannabidiol (CBDM)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/monomethyl-ether-of-cannabidiol-cbdm/): In modern science and medicine, cannabidiol (CBD) has gained widespread use due to its therapeutic properties. This compound from the Cannabis sativa
- [Cannabicyclovarin (CBLV)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicyclovarin-cblv/): Cannabinoids are potent bioactive compounds naturally found in cannabis plants. They interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, regulating a wide
- [Cannabicyclol A (CBLA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicyclol-a-cbla/): Within the chemical diversity of Cannabis sativa L., which includes over 150 identified phytocannabinoids, a significant portion of compounds remains
- [Cannabicyclol (CBL)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicyclol-cbl/): Cannabinoids are a large group of naturally occurring compounds synthesized by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. Their biological activity, pharmacological
- [Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromenic-acid-cbca/): Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant, which has a long history of medicinal use. They belong to the group of secondary
- [Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCVA)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromenic-acid-cbcva/): Cannabichromenic acid (CBCVA) is one of the lesser-known compounds among the cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. Like other cannabinoids, CBCVA has
- [Cannabichromene (CBC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromene-cbc/): Cannabichromene (CBC) is one of the primary phytocannabinoids naturally produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. First isolated in 1966, CBC remains less
- [Cannabidiol (CBD)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/what-is-cbd/): Cannabidiol, known as CBD, is one of over 100 active compounds found in the cannabis plant species. This natural substance is widely used in supplements,
- [Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/what-is-thc/): What is THC? Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, is the major psychoactive component of cannabis. It is one of 113 different cannabinoids that have
- [The List Of Cannabis Cannabinoids](https://cannabidiolcbd.org/the-list-of-cannabis-cannabinoids/): Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two types of cannabinoids that have received the most attention in recent years. However, this is

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> Last updated: July 23, 2023 Cannabidiol CBD (“us”, “we”, or “our”) operates the cannabidiolcbd.org website (the “Service”). This page informs you of our

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> Navigate the CBD landscape with our in-depth guides, research summaries, and usage tips. Discover the wonders of Cannabidiol today!

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> Have questions about Cannabidiol or our platform? Get in touch through our Contact page, and let's start a conversation.

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Your name Your email Subject Your message (optional) document. addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function { setTimeout(function{ var e=document. getElementById("cf-turnstile-cf7-892870957"); e&&! e. innerHTML. trim&&(turnstile. remove("#cf-turnstile-cf7-892870957"), turnstile. render("#cf-turnstile-cf7-892870957", {sitekey:"0x4AAAAAAAETDiBwm18DTh-A"})); }, 0); }); document. addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function{document. querySelectorAll('. wpcf7-form'). forEach(function(e){e. addEventListener('submit',function{if(document. getElementById('cf-turnstile-cf7-892870957')){setTimeout(function{turnstile. reset('#cf-turnstile-cf7-892870957');},1000)}})})});

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> "Cannabidiol CBD" is your guide to the world of CBD. We work to explain and unravel all aspects of this intriguing substance, focusing on its properties,

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"Cannabidiol CBD" is your guide to the world of CBD. We work to explain and unravel all aspects of this intriguing substance, focusing on its properties, research, and the regulatory laws that govern it. Our mission is to disseminate objective and up-to-date information about cannabidiol. Through in-depth content and open dialogue, we aim to help you better understand and appreciate CBD in all its manifestations. About the Author: Brett Day is our lead author and expert in the field of medical cannabis. Throughout his career, he has conducted numerous studies on cannabis and is an active participant in various forums and conferences. His articles related to CBD always illuminate the latest discoveries and help people better understand this substance. With Brett Day, you will always be up-to-date with the latest events in the world of CBD. "Cannabidiol CBD" is your reliable source of information about cannabidiol and everything related to it.

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PagesAboutHomeContactBlogSitemapDisclaimerPrivacy PolicyTerms and ConditionsPosts10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol10-Oxo-Delta-6a-Tetrahydrocannabinol (OTHC)Cannabichromene (CBC)3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol (OH-iso-HHCV)8,9-Dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinolCannabichromenic Acid (CBCA)Cannabichromanon (CBCF)Cannabichromevarin (CBCV)Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCVA)Cannabidiol (CBD)Cannabicyclol (CBL)Cannabicyclol A (CBLA)Cannabicyclovarin (CBLV)Cannabicitran (CBT)Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA)Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1)Cannabidivarin (CBDV)Cannabidivarinic Acid (CBDVA)Cannabielsoic Acid B (CBEA-B)Cannabielsoin (CBE)Cannabielsoin Acid A (CBEA-A)Cannabifuran (CBF)Cannabigerol (CBG)Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA)Cannabigerovarin (CBGV)Cannabigerovarinic Acid (CBGVA)CannabiglendolCannabinodiol (CBND)Cannabinodivarin (CBVD)Cannabinol (CBN)Cannabinol Methyl Ether (CBNM)Cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2)Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4)Cannabinolic Acid (CBNA)Cannabiorcol (CBN-C1)Cannabiripsol (CBR)Cannabitriol (CBT)Cannabitriolvarin (CBTV)Cannabivarin (CBV)Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF)Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC)Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (Δ8-THCA)Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)The List Of Cannabis CannabinoidsDelta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (cis-THC)Monomethyl Ether of Cannabidiol (CBDM)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (THC-C4)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A (THCA-A)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid B (THCA-B)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid-C4 (THCA-C4)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THC-C1)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcolic Acid (THCA-C1)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVA)Monomethyl Ether of Cannabigerol (CBGM)Monomethyl Ether of Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGAM)Trihydroxy-Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (triOH-THC)

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> Last updated: July 23, 2023 Please read these Terms of Use (“Terms”, “Terms of Use”) carefully before using the https://cannabidiolcbd.org website (the

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Last updated: July 23, 2023 Please read these Terms of Use (“Terms”, “Terms of Use”) carefully before using the https://cannabidiolcbd. org website (the “Service”) operated by Cannabidiol CBD (“us”, “we”, or “our”). Your access to and use of the Service is conditioned on your acceptance of and compliance with these Terms. These Terms apply to all visitors, users and others who access or use the Service. By accessing or using the Service you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you disagree with any part of the terms then you may not access the Service. Intellectual Property The Service and its original content, features and functionality are and will remain the exclusive property of Cannabidiol CBD and its licensors. Links To Other Web Sites Our Service may contain links to third-party web sites or services that are not owned or controlled by Cannabidiol CBD. Cannabidiol CBD has no control over, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third party web sites or services. You further acknowledge and agree that Cannabidiol CBD shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods or services available on or through any such web sites or services. We strongly advise you to read the terms and conditions and privacy policies of any third-party web sites or services that you visit. Termination We may...

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Last updated: July 23, 2023 The information provided by Cannabidiol CBD ("we", "us" or "our") on https://cannabidiolcbd. org (the "Site") is for general informational purposes only. All information on the Site is provided in good faith, however, we make no representation or warranty of any kind, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability or completeness of any information on the Site. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL WE HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SITE OR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE SITE. YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND YOUR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION ON THE SITE IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. PROFESSIONAL DISCLAIMER The medical/health information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice. Accordingly, before taking any actions based upon such information, we encourage you to consult with the appropriate professionals. THE USE OR RELIANCE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THIS SITE IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. EXTERNAL LINKS DISCLAIMER The Site may contain (or you may be sent through the Site) links to other websites or content belonging to or originating from third parties or links to websites and features in banners or other advertising. Such external links are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability or completeness by us. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY...

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## Posts

> Hemp oil isolate is one of the purest and most concentrated cannabidiol (CBD)-based products, gaining increasing popularity in the global market. It is a

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/hemp-oil-isolate/
- Categories: General

Hemp oil isolate is one of the purest and most concentrated cannabidiol (CBD)-based products, gaining increasing popularity in the global market. It is a highly purified powder or crystalline substance containing almost exclusively CBD, without other cannabinoids-including the psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This form allows users to experience the maximum concentrated effect of CBD without the risk of psychoactive effects, making the isolate an ideal choice for those who seek the therapeutic properties of hemp oil but avoid THC for personal, medical, or legal reasons. Due to its high purity and absence of THC, hemp oil isolate holds a special place in the field of cannabinoid therapy and cosmetology. The foundation of the isolate lies in a complex extraction and purification process that ensures the isolation of CBD in its pure form, free from other compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, other cannabinoids, and impurities. This enables precise dosage control, which is especially important for medical applications where accuracy and concentration stability are critical. Products based on the isolate can contain CBD concentrations of up to 99%, which significantly exceeds that of most full-spectrum or broad-spectrum oils. The significance of the isolate goes beyond the medical sector. It is used in cosmetology, the food industry, sports nutrition, and as a base for developing other CBD products. Hemp isolate oil is widely available for sale today from many manufacturers, though the quality and purity of the product can vary greatly depending on production technologies and quality control. That's why when selecting an isolate,...

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> CBD oil tincture is a concentrated cannabidiol extract dissolved in an oil base, commonly used as an effective means of supporting physical and emotional

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-oil-tincture/
- Categories: General

CBD oil tincture is a concentrated cannabidiol extract dissolved in an oil base, commonly used as an effective means of supporting physical and emotional balance. Unlike other cannabinoid-based products, the tincture offers a unique combination of high bioavailability and ease of use, ensuring both fast and long-lasting effects. A full-spectrum CBD oil tincture stands out for containing a wide range of natural cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids that interact with each other to enhance the effect of each component. As a result, the tincture's effect is not limited to a single cannabinoid but provides a comprehensive influence on various receptors in the body. The key advantage of the tincture lies in its form-liquid oil allows for accurate dosing, adjustment of individual consumption, and easy integration into a daily routine. Compared to capsules or tablets, which require time to dissolve and absorb, oil-based tinctures are absorbed more quickly through the mucous membranes of the mouth when taken sublingually. This is especially important for those who need rapid relief or non-standard dosages. The wide range of hemp oil tincture concentrations-from 250 mg to 5000 mg of cannabidiol per bottle-makes it easy to choose the optimal option for both beginners and experienced users. High-concentration tinctures are recommended for those needing stronger effects, such as in chronic conditions or heightened therapeutic needs. At the same time, lighter versions provide a gradual introduction to cannabidiol's properties without the risk of overdose. CBDmd CBD oil tincture is one example of a high-quality product made using modern extraction...

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> In modern veterinary practice, there is growing interest in alternative methods for supporting the health of pets, particularly cats. Among these methods

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-oil-for-cats/
- Categories: General

In modern veterinary practice, there is growing interest in alternative methods for supporting the health of pets, particularly cats. Among these methods is the use of cannabidiol, known as CBD, which is a non-psychoactive component of hemp. CBD oil for cats is a topic actively studied by both scientists and practicing veterinarians, as the number of pet owners seeking natural remedies for behavioral and physical issues in their beloved animals increases. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, CBD does not suppress the central nervous system, is non-addictive, and potentially has fewer side effects when used correctly. CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) of the body - a complex network of receptors present not only in humans but in all mammals, including cats. This system plays a key role in regulating fundamental physiological processes: sleep, appetite, mood, pain, and immune response. For this reason, CBD is considered a potential regulator of homeostasis in animals, capable of helping cats with anxiety, pain, inflammation, seizures, and age-related degenerative changes, including arthritis. However, the use of CBD in veterinary medicine is not merely a trendy fad. It is based on a growing body of research indicating the real clinical effectiveness of cannabidiol for a range of pathological conditions. To date, the strongest evidence for the effects of CBD oil has been found in reducing anxiety, calming during stressful situations (vet visits, moving, the arrival of a new pet at home), easing chronic pain, especially with osteoarthritis, and reducing the frequency of seizures in animals with epileptic...

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> Understanding a dog's physiology is not just about feeding, walking, or vaccinations. It's primarily about the balance in the nervous, immune, and

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-oil-for-dogs/
- Categories: General

Understanding a dog's physiology is not just about feeding, walking, or vaccinations. It's primarily about the balance in the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, which determines the animal's quality of life just as it does in humans. Owners dealing with chronic pain in their dogs, degenerative joint changes, loss of appetite, aggressive or anxious behavior seek solutions that are not only symptomatic but systemic. This is where CBD-cannabidiol as an active compound-comes into focus, influencing the endocannabinoid system of mammals and delivering noticeable results without psychoactive effects. We no longer talk about cannabis as something marginal or exclusively human. Extracts purified from THC, standardized for CBD content, and tested for pesticide residues have long been integrated into veterinary practices. And this is not about universal "miracle drops," but a specific substance that has anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects and is already part of supportive therapy in many countries today. It's important to understand: CBD does not cure cancer or arthritis, but it can reduce pain, lower anxiety, improve sleep and appetite, thereby enhancing quality of life. When it comes to dogs, any new addition to diet or treatment requires caution and evidence. CBD is no exception. There is no room for guesswork here. What works for one animal may have no effect on another. Age, weight, metabolism, breed, and concurrent diseases-all these must be considered when choosing the dose and form of administration. CBD products for animals cannot be equated with human supplements, even if manufacturers market them as "natural"...

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> CBD isn't a new trend. It's an active molecule that humanity has known about for a long time, but has only started using in earnest in recent decades.

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-massage-oil/
- Categories: General

CBD isn't a new trend. It's an active molecule that humanity has known about for a long time, but has only started using in earnest in recent decades. Today, it appears not only in capsules, tinctures, and creams-but also in practices that combine physical action with localized pharmacology. CBD massage oil is exactly that kind of product. It's not just a means for hands to glide over the skin. It's a combination of natural plant extract and massage techniques, with a specific goal: to change the condition of tissues, reduce localized inflammation, and relieve pain or tension. The idea of using CBD oil for massage first emerged as a response to the limitations of traditional pharmacotherapy. Pills often have systemic side effects. Gels and ointments are short-lived and can be harsh on sensitive skin. In between lie niche remedies that can work locally, more safely-but effectively. That's how hemp massage oil came into focus for rehabilitation specialists, sports doctors, and even cosmetologists. The scientific rationale behind this is simple: the skin, muscles, and tissues contain receptors of the endocannabinoid system-specifically CB2-that are responsible for inflammatory responses, pain perception, and immune regulation. CBD (cannabidiol) is an activator of these receptors. And when it reaches the affected area, it doesn't influence the whole system like THC does, but only the localized area. The effect is targeted, and this is key to the safety of this approach. But CBD alone isn't massage therapy. What matters is the combination: the oil's composition, its texture,...

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> Vaping is one of the most popular modern technologies for consuming various substances. It involves heating a liquid into an aerosol that is inhaled by

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cbd-vape-oil/
- Categories: General

Vaping is one of the most popular modern technologies for consuming various substances. It involves heating a liquid into an aerosol that is inhaled by the user. In recent years, vaping with cannabidiol (CBD) oils has generated significant interest. CBD is one of the primary phytocannabinoids found in hemp (Cannabis sativa) and does not have psychoactive effects, unlike the more well-known tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Due to its wide range of therapeutic properties, CBD is gaining increasing recognition in medicine and alternative therapies, and the vape oil form opens up new possibilities for fast and effective intake of this compound. CBD vape oil is a specially prepared liquid for electronic devices (vapes) that contains cannabidiol, often combined with carriers such as organic hemp oil or other base oils, as well as additional flavorings or components to enhance taste and texture. Unlike traditional tinctures or capsules, vape oil allows CBD to enter the bloodstream almost instantly through the lungs, making it an effective method of therapy for individuals seeking a quick and controlled effect. The popularity of CBD vape oil is driven by several factors. First, there is the convenience of use and speed of action. When inhaled as an aerosol, CBD immediately enters the lungs, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive tract and liver metabolism, which often reduce the bioavailability of the substance when taken orally. Second, compared to smoking cannabis, vaping CBD oil is less harmful to the lungs and is not associated with toxic combustion byproducts....

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> Pure hemp oil is a highly concentrated extract of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, produced in strict compliance with organic cultivation technologies and

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/pure-hemp-oil/
- Categories: General

Pure hemp oil is a highly concentrated extract of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, produced in strict compliance with organic cultivation technologies and quality control standards. Its key active component is cannabidiol (CBD), a phytochemical compound with no psychoactive effects, which demonstrates a broad spectrum of biological activity. Over the past decade, the popularity of CBD solutions in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology, and nutritionology has significantly increased, driven by both consumer demand and emerging research on the interaction of cannabinoids with the human endocannabinoid system. In this context, pure hemp oil has become a key product in the functional supplement market. The difference between unrefined forms of hemp seed oil and pure hemp oil with a high CBD content is fundamental. The former is a nutritional product containing polyunsaturated fats, while the latter is an active cannabinoid extract intended for pharmacological effects. Such a product requires laboratory confirmation of its composition, precise dosing, and transparent certification. Various concentrations are available on the market today: pure CBD hemp oil 100, 300, 600, and 1000 mg. Each is designed for different needs-from general body support to addressing clinical conditions such as anxiety, sleep disorders, and inflammatory processes. The demand for the best pure hemp oil is driven by a clear logic: the higher the level of purification and control over raw material origin, the more predictable the therapeutic effects. Quality indicators include the origin of the plants, the presence of organic certification, the extraction method, and results of independent lab tests for heavy...

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> Full-spectrum CBD oil is a unique product that is gaining increasing popularity among those seeking effective natural remedies to support health. Its

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/full-spectrum-cbd-oil/
- Categories: General

Full-spectrum CBD oil is a unique product that is gaining increasing popularity among those seeking effective natural remedies to support health. Its distinct feature lies in the fact that it contains not only cannabidiol - one of the primary active components of hemp - but also a broad complex of other biologically active plant-based compounds. This complexity provides a deep and multifaceted effect on the human body. At the core of full-spectrum CBD oil's action is the endocannabinoid system (ECS) - a natural regulatory system in the body that controls important physiological processes such as maintaining homeostasis, pain regulation, immune response, mood, sleep, appetite, and much more. This system includes receptors, endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for their synthesis and breakdown. The interaction of CBD and other cannabinoids found in the full spectrum with the ECS helps restore balance in the body, which is especially important in various diseases and stressful conditions. CBD by itself has no psychoactive properties and does not cause the "high" effect associated with THC. However, the combination of cannabidiol with other compounds found in hemp creates what is known as the "entourage effect" - an enhancement of the therapeutic action of each component through their interaction. Because of this, full-spectrum CBD oil is considered more effective than products with isolated CBD. Using organic full-spectrum hemp oil not only provides comprehensive therapeutic and preventive effects but also ensures confidence in the product's quality and safety. Organic raw materials eliminate the risk of pesticides, heavy metals, and...

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> Over the past several decades, the attention of scientists, medical professionals, and pharmacologists has increasingly focused on a deeper understanding

- Published: 2025-06-30
- Modified: 2025-06-30
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/endocannabinoid-system/
- Categories: General

Over the past several decades, the attention of scientists, medical professionals, and pharmacologists has increasingly focused on a deeper understanding of the complex regulatory systems that maintain balance in the body. One such key system, which has only recently begun to be widely studied, is the endocannabinoid system. Despite its name, it is not solely related to cannabis but is a universal biological network that functions within the body independently of external cannabinoid influence. Its discovery opened a new era in biomedicine, pharmacology, and the understanding of homeostasis. Before summarizing, it is important to clarify once again: what exactly is the endocannabinoid system? It is a complex of receptors, endogenous ligands (that is, natural compounds produced by the body itself), and enzymes that together regulate a wide range of physiological processes. Key components of the system include cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), as well as endogenous cannabinoids-specifically anandamide and 2-AG-and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and breakdown. At the time of the endocannabinoid system's discovery in the 1990s, the scientific community was impressed by its all-encompassing influence on vital processes such as mood, memory, appetite, pain, inflammation, immune response, sleep regulation, motor function, and more. This indicates that the endocannabinoid system does not act in isolation but interacts with many other systems-the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Current scientific research shows that dysfunction or deficiency of the endocannabinoid system can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases. These may include irritable bowel...

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> Among the numerous phytocannabinoids produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) draws the attention of researchers as

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin-thcv/
- Categories: General

Among the numerous phytocannabinoids produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) draws the attention of researchers as a chemically nonstandard and pharmacologically multifaceted molecule. Structurally similar to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), THCV differs in the length of its alkyl side chain, which significantly alters its receptor activity and metabolic profile. Despite its morphological resemblance to the primary psychoactive components of cannabis, THCV exhibits a unique ability to act as a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist at low doses and as an agonist at higher concentrations, demonstrating complex biophysiological behavior. This cannabinoid belongs to the class of varin compounds, which feature a propyl (C3) side chain instead of the pentyl (C5) chain characteristic of THC. This variation not only alters the chemical reactivity of the molecule but also affects its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. From the perspective of chemical evolution, the appearance of THCV in specific chemotypes of Cannabis sativa indicates the presence of an alternative biosynthetic pathway, involving the specific participation of divarinolic acid as a precursor. The biosynthetic isolation of this pathway through the enzymatic activity of THCVAS (tetrahydrocannabivarin synthase) opens the possibility for modular control over the plant's secondary metabolism. THCV exhibits multifunctional effects in biological systems, particularly in neurohumoral regulation, glucose homeostasis, and energy metabolism. In preclinical models, it has demonstrated the ability to suppress appetite, inhibit excessive fat accumulation, improve insulin sensitivity, and exhibit neuroprotective properties. At the same time, the absence of psychoactive effects at low doses provides it with a pharmacological advantage over classical...

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> Cannabifuran (CBF) is a chemical compound belonging to the class of synthetic cannabinoids, which mimic the biochemical activity of natural cannabinoids

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabifuran-cbf/
- Categories: General

Cannabifuran (CBF) is a chemical compound belonging to the class of synthetic cannabinoids, which mimic the biochemical activity of natural cannabinoids isolated from plants of the Cannabis genus. Although natural cannabinoids have been extensively studied-such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)-Cannabifuran is characterized by unique structural features that define its specific pharmacological activity profile. The study of the CBF molecule is gaining importance both in the context of chemical synthesis and biomedical research, given its potential in various fields including pharmacology, toxicology, and biotechnology. The molecular structure of Cannabifuran is distinguished by the presence of a furan ring fused with the core cannabinoid skeleton, which provides high lipophilicity and specific interaction properties with the receptors of the endocannabinoid system. This feature governs the fine regulation of the molecule's binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are central components of neuromodulatory and immune processes in the body. Differences in receptor affinity and activation of secondary signaling cascades place CBF among substances with a potentially broad spectrum of biological effects. Considering its chemical structure, the synthesis of Cannabifuran represents a complex process that requires precise control of reaction conditions and the selection of appropriate precursors and catalysts. Scientific attention to methods of obtaining CBF is driven not only by the desire to produce a pure and stable product but also by the need to explore structural variability in search of optimal pharmacological properties. Modern synthetic methods include classical organic reactions as well as innovative approaches employing transition metal catalysts and "green" chemical...

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> In cannabinoid chemistry, the systematic study of structural variants within the phytocannabinoid series has opened the door to investigating a number of

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic-acid-thca-c1/
- Categories: General

In cannabinoid chemistry, the systematic study of structural variants within the phytocannabinoid series has opened the door to investigating a number of previously undescribed or scarcely studied acidic forms derived from the main cannabinoids. One such compound is Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic acid (THCA-C1) - a metabolite with a short alkyl side chain, which chemically is an analog of the classical THCA-A but contains a one-carbon (methyl) side group instead of the pentyl radical. This seemingly minor structural difference radically changes the compound's pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, receptor affinity, and therapeutic potential. The cannabinoid landscape has long since expanded beyond the familiar Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their acidic forms. Within this field, there emerged a need to rethink the cannabis chemotype paradigm by taking into account the presence of short-chain homologs - C1, C3, C4 cannabinoids - which traditionally remained outside the spectrum of focus due to technological limitations in analytical methods and their low concentration in raw materials. However, modern chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques now allow for the identification of even trace concentrations of such derivatives, opening new horizons in the pharmacological study of these lesser-known structures. THCA-C1, as a representative of the short-chain orcolic acids, is a potentially biologically active form of phytocannabinoid that remains in a stable acidic state until decarboxylation occurs. This means its pharmacological action fundamentally differs from Δ⁹-THC-C1 (the decarboxylated form), particularly in terms of psychoactivity, transport across the blood-brain barrier, and interactions with cannabinoid receptors. The presence of a methyl group instead of a pentyl chain...

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> Research on cannabinoids over the past decades has significantly deepened the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in human

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol-thc-c1/
- Categories: General

Research on cannabinoids over the past decades has significantly deepened the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in human physiology and pathology. The primary focus of the scientific community has been on classical cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other well-known components of the Cannabis sativa plant. However, the discovery of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THC-C1) has drawn considerable attention due to its unique structural, physicochemical, and biological properties that distinguish it from classical cannabinoids. This molecule represents a class of non-traditional cannabinoids which, although less studied, have the potential to significantly expand our understanding of cannabinoid pharmacology and molecular biology. THC-C1 differs from classical Δ9-THC by a modification in the structure of its side chain, resulting in significant differences in pharmacological activity and selectivity for endocannabinoid system receptors. Variations in molecular structure-particularly the length and composition of the alkyl side chain-substantially influence the compound's affinity for central CB1 and peripheral CB2 receptors, which are key to mediating cannabinoid effects. THC-C1 demonstrates the potential for more selective activity, which may be critical in the development of new pharmacological agents with reduced psychoactivity and minimized side effects. Fundamental studies indicate that the structure of the cannabinoid side chain is one of the most important factors determining their biological activity. In the case of THC-C1, this side chain includes additional methyl groups, which significantly influence the molecule's conformation and, consequently, its ability to bind to receptors. This results in a unique activity profile that differentiates THC-C1 from other tetrahydrocannabinols and...

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> Within the field of natural compound chemistry, there exists a category of molecules that science recognizes not because they are widespread or exhibit

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-c4-thca-c4/
- Categories: General

Within the field of natural compound chemistry, there exists a category of molecules that science recognizes not because they are widespread or exhibit obvious effects, but because their very presence challenges the logic of systemic thinking. One such molecule is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (THCA-C4)-a compound detected only in trace amounts, yet whose existence alone raises a series of questions for which there are currently no definitive answers. Its appearance in the chemotype of Cannabis sativa, its rarity, variability, and structural similarity to major cannabinoids suggest a possible biological and biochemical role, although none of these have yet been experimentally confirmed. THCA-C4 is not simply a derivative of the primary tetrahydrocannabinolic acid; it is a homolog with a modified side alkyl chain, which may serve as a marker of deeper metabolic processes that remain invisible to most analytical systems. In the traditional description of cannabinoids, the main focus has been on the so-called major components-THCA-A, CBDA, CBGA, and their decarboxylated forms. However, scientific interest is increasingly shifting toward microcomponents, which under normal conditions do not exhibit pronounced activity but may fulfill regulatory, signaling, or even inhibitory functions within more complex chemo-ecosystems. Such are the cannabinoids with unusual side chain lengths, including homologs with butyl (C4), propyl (C3), or even heptyl (C7) substitutions. Among them, THCA-C4 stands out as having the highest level of structural similarity to THCA-A, yet is modified in a way that may confer fundamentally different pharmacokinetic parameters, receptor affinity, and metabolic fate. This compound was not identified in the...

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> Cannabinoid chemistry is currently undergoing a latent transformation. The gradual depletion of the potential of well-studied metabolites has shifted the

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-b-thca-b/
- Categories: General

Cannabinoid chemistry is currently undergoing a latent transformation. The gradual depletion of the potential of well-studied metabolites has shifted the focus toward lesser-known isomers, rare derivatives, and non-standard biosynthetic pathways that until recently were overlooked due to limited availability, analytical uncertainty, or lack of clear pharmacological association. One such compound, which has remained at the periphery of the cannabinoid discourse, is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B (THCA-B)-a constitutional and likely conformational isomer of the much more extensively studied THCA-A. This metabolite is not merely "another version" of a known molecule but a full-fledged chemical structure with its own potential, biosynthetic scenarios, and reactive profiles that fundamentally challenge the boundaries of natural cannabinoid metabolism. THCA-B does not have an established status in official classifications-its presence in plant material, as well as the very fact of its natural occurrence, remains a subject of scientific debate. At the same time, the documented detection of its spectroscopic signature in several fractions derived from Cannabis sativa L. compels serious consideration of its existence as a real metabolite rather than merely an artificially obtained isomer or a side product of THCA-A degradation. Viewing THCA-B as a chemical event rather than a mere analytical artifact requires a paradigm shift in cannabinoid research: from a model limited to a few bioactive agents to a dynamic isomeric system with multiple entry points into pharmacological activity. A key complication is that most analytical methods traditionally applied for cannabinoid identification-particularly liquid chromatography with detection in the 220-280 nm spectrum or gas chromatography coupled...

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> Cannabinoids are a class of terpene-phenolic compounds that occur naturally, synthetically, or endogenously and interact with the endocannabinoid receptor

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-a-thca-a/
- Categories: General

Cannabinoids are a class of terpene-phenolic compounds that occur naturally, synthetically, or endogenously and interact with the endocannabinoid receptor system in vertebrates. The Cannabis sativa L. plant is a unique natural source of phytocannabinoids, among which a group of acidic forms-biosynthetic precursors to neutral (decarboxylated) cannabinoids-stands out. One of the central acidic molecules is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A), which is the direct precursor of the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Within the biochemistry of cannabis, this compound plays a key role in the metabolic cascade and is also the subject of independent pharmacological interest due to its non-psychoactive yet bioactive nature. THCA-A is formed at a late stage in the biosynthesis of phytocannabinoids through the enzymatic conversion of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)-the so-called "mother" compound from which the primary acidic forms of cannabinoids are synthesized. The enzyme THCA synthase, localized in the trichomes of the plant's flowers, catalyzes the oxidative cyclization of CBGA to produce THCA-A. This process is highly specific and genetically determined: the corresponding enzymatic pathways are activated depending on the chemotype of the plant. That is, strains with a high level of THCA synthase predominantly produce THCA-A, while others produce CBDA or CBCA depending on the presence of CBDA or CBCA synthases. From a chemical structure standpoint, THCA-A is the carboxylated form of Δ9-THC and contains an additional carboxyl group (-COOH), which contributes to its greater hydrophilicity, reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and other pharmacokinetic properties. Importantly, upon thermal processing (heating, drying, or exposure to ultraviolet light), this...

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> Cannabinoid chemistry has long sparked intense interest in scientific circles, bringing together researchers from organic chemistry, pharmacology,

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-c4-thc-c4/
- Categories: General

Cannabinoid chemistry has long sparked intense interest in scientific circles, bringing together researchers from organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry, and medicine. Among the numerous cannabinoids isolated from the Cannabis sativa L. plant, the most attention is drawn to Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC), which is the primary psychoactive component. However, recent scientific interest has increasingly focused on the less-studied homologs and analogs of this molecule, one of which is Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (THC-C4). This homolog stands out due to structural features that determine unique physicochemical properties and potentially a different pharmacological profile compared to classic Delta-9-THC. Studying THC-C4 is a necessary step toward understanding the deeper mechanisms of cannabinoid action, as well as developing new therapeutic agents. The label THC-C4 refers to a molecule belonging to the tetrahydrocannabinol class and is a structural analog of Delta-9-THC with an extended alkyl side chain containing four carbon atoms (C4). Changes in the length of the side chain in cannabinoid molecules have long been known as a critical factor influencing interaction with the endocannabinoid system receptors, and therefore the pharmacological properties of the compound. However, THC-C4 remains poorly studied in scientific literature, and its chemical and biological characterization is still not fully revealed. In recent years, thanks to advancements in synthetic methods and analytical technologies, it has become possible to obtain THC-C4 in pure form, opening new opportunities for fundamental and applied research. It is important to note that in nature, THC-C4 is found in significantly lower concentrations than classic Delta-9-THC, which complicates its extraction from plant material. This...

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> The molecule Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is one of the most well-known, yet simultaneously one of the most controversial and least accurately

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-tch/
- Categories: General

The molecule Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is one of the most well-known, yet simultaneously one of the most controversial and least accurately understood compounds ever discovered in nature. Its chemical stability, biological activity, and pharmacological polyvalence have long elevated this compound beyond a simple natural alkaloid or phytochemical component. Δ9-THC has become the subject of research in neuroscience, molecular biology, pharmacology, natural product chemistry, and also the epicenter of legal, ethical, and social debates. This status is determined not only by the molecule's ability to affect the human central nervous system but also by its unique mechanism of action, which involves an endogenous signaling system that was relatively recently discovered in the human body-the endocannabinoid system. Historically, the study of Δ9-THC began with the isolation of the active cannabis component in 1964 by Israeli chemists Raphael Mechoulam and Yechiel Gaoni. However, the use of cannabis as a psychoactive substance and phytotherapeutic agent dates back thousands of years. Archaeological evidence confirms the cultivation of Cannabis sativa as early as the 4th millennium BCE in what is now China. Over time, only the sociocultural narratives changed: from a sacred plant and meditation tool to a criminalized object in the 20th century. Yet the THC molecule itself-a stable, biochemically active, lipophilic structure-remained unchanged, and only human knowledge about its properties gradually expanded. From a biochemical perspective, Δ9-THC is a tertiary phenol of the cannabinoid class, synthesized in trichomes-microscopic glands on the surface of female Cannabis sativa flowers. In its natural state, cannabis does not contain...

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> Within the scope of research on natural compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids remain some of the most intriguing subjects from

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-%ce%b48-thca/
- Categories: General

Within the scope of research on natural compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids remain some of the most intriguing subjects from the perspectives of both fundamental chemistry and pharmacology. Over one hundred phytocannabinoids have been identified in species of the Cannabis genus, most of which exist in their acidic forms-as secondary metabolites synthesized in the glandular trichomes of the plants. Among these, the most extensively studied are Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ⁹-THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Their active forms-Δ⁹-THC, CBD, and CBG, respectively-are formed through decarboxylation triggered by heat or time. However, with growing interest in the structural diversity of cannabinoids in the scientific community, attention has increasingly turned toward less studied isomers and derivatives, including Δ⁸-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ⁸-THCA). Δ⁸-THCA should not be confused with Δ⁸-THC, the psychoactive isomer of Δ⁹-THC, which has recently become the focus of both media attention and regulatory scrutiny. Although Δ⁸-THC can be found in trace amounts in Cannabis sativa L. plants, it is typically a product of artificial isomerization from Δ⁹-THC. Accordingly, Δ⁸-THCA, which is its acidic precursor, is currently considered predominantly a laboratory-derived compound, although its theoretical natural origin has not been fully ruled out. Chemically, Δ⁸-THCA is a structural isomer of Δ⁹-THCA, in which the double bond in the cyclohexene ring has shifted from the Δ⁹ to the Δ⁸ position. This change is not trivial given its potential impact on the biological activity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of the compound. Nevertheless, research on Δ⁸-THCA remains in its early stages, and a...

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> Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol is not just a variant of an already known molecule. It is an artifact of the chemical plasticity of cannabinoids and

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol-%ce%b48-thc/
- Categories: General

Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol is not just a variant of an already known molecule. It is an artifact of the chemical plasticity of cannabinoids and simultaneously an example of how a slight structural deviation can lead to a completely different pharmacological profile, a different regulatory trajectory, and ultimately a different discourse surrounding the substance. The standard lineup of psychoactive compounds derived from cannabis has long needed reconsideration-not only due to the emergence of new semi-synthetic molecules but because the cannabinoid system-biochemically, regulatorily, commercially-cannot be reduced to just one or two key molecules. Delta-8 is exactly a symptom of this complexity. The existence of this compound does not fit within the unified paradigm of "natural origin," nor does it align with the canonical scheme of psychoactivity. Its appearance was not the result of spontaneous biosynthesis in significant concentrations, nor did it come about from selective breeding or agricultural modifications. Its growing presence is the result of chemical recoding of existing cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol, under specific laboratory conditions. This is a transformation that happens not in the plant but in the reaction flask. In other words, we are not dealing with a cannabinoid in the classical sense, but rather the result of technological intervention within the cannabinoid class. The fact that Delta-8-THC exists in the modern pharmacochemical landscape is evidence that classificatory boundaries in the field of natural compounds no longer function autonomously. There is no clarity-neither in biogenesis, nor in mechanisms of action, nor in legal status. Delta-8 does not have a stable position...

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> The endocannabinoid system in mammals, particularly the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as several non-specific targets (TRP channels, GPR55, PPARγ), is

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabitriolvarin-cbtv/
- Categories: General

The endocannabinoid system in mammals, particularly the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as several non-specific targets (TRP channels, GPR55, PPARγ), is known for its multifunctionality and involvement in regulating physiological processes: from nociception and inflammation to neuroplasticity, immune response, and metabolic homeostasis. Since the mid-2010s, there has been a shift in the research paradigm from studying primary cannabinoids (Δ⁹-THC, CBD) to exploring a wide range of rare or under-researched structures known as "minor cannabinoids. " One such under-researched compound is Cannabitriolvarin (CBTV), which is currently not included in any major clinical protocols, is not standardized in pharmacopoeias, and is unavailable in most commercial chemical reagent catalogs. However, this molecular uncertainty is an argument in favor of further investigation into CBTV as a potential new therapeutic target, as well as for validating the structural diversity within the class of varin cannabinoids. CBTV is a varin analog of cannabitrinol (CBT), meaning it has a propyl side chain instead of the typical pentyl group found in CBT. This seemingly minor substitution, however, significantly alters both the physicochemical properties (solubility, lipophilicity, boiling point) and the biological behavior of the molecule. Varin derivatives are known for their more selective activity toward CB2 receptors, lower psychoactivity, and altered metabolic profiles. However, despite the structural similarity to CBT, CBTV is not simply a short-chain isomer of CBT-it occupies a distinct niche in the chemical landscape of phytocannabinoids, which is defined by its unique metabolic origin, absence of conjugated double bonds in the C-ring, and high stability...

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> Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVA) is the acidic form of a lesser-known varin cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa L. in extremely low

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic-acid-thcva/
- Categories: General

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVA) is the acidic form of a lesser-known varin cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa L. in extremely low concentrations, predominantly in plants of the so-called chemotype IV. Despite its structural similarity to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), THCVA is a derivative of divarinic acid rather than olivetolic acid and features a shortened side chain composed of three carbon atoms. This chemical distinction significantly alters its biological behavior and pharmacological profile, which has sparked growing interest among cannabinoid researchers. Unlike more extensively studied cannabis compounds such as Δ9-THC or CBD, THCVA remains in the shadows not only because of its low natural concentration but also due to the difficulty of isolating it in a stable acidic form. The cannabinoid rapidly undergoes decarboxylation to THCV under the influence of heat or time, complicating quantitative determination and functional studies of the acidic form itself. This also partially explains why THCVA is almost entirely absent in chromatographic profiles of processed or stored extracts and why it is not included in the pharmacopoeial or regulatory standards of most countries. At the molecular level, THCVA is formed through the varin biosynthetic cascade, which begins with the interaction of geranyl pyrophosphate with divarinic acid, catalyzed by a specific tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid synthase (THCVAS). This pathway is independent of the primary olivetolic acid route responsible for synthesizing the more common cannabinoids. However, the presence of varin derivatives such as THCVA, CBVA, or CBGVA in cannabis biomass indicates a broader spectrum of chemotypic variability than previously thought and holds potential...

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> In modern cannabinoid chemistry, there is a rapidly growing interest in tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives that are not naturally found in cannabis but are

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/10-oxo-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol-othc/
- Categories: General

In modern cannabinoid chemistry, there is a rapidly growing interest in tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives that are not naturally found in cannabis but are formed through synthetic reactions. One such compound is 10-Oxo-Delta-6a-Tetrahydrocannabinol (OTHC) - a cannabinoid with a rare structural configuration characterized by the presence of a ketone (oxo-) functional group at position 10 and a double bond between carbon atoms C6a and C10a. Although this molecule was first mentioned in the chemical literature in the mid-20th century in the context of side products of reactions involving Δ⁹-THC, only recently has OTHC attracted attention as a subject of targeted research in the field of new generation psychoactive substances (NPS). The complex legal situation surrounding classical cannabinoids, particularly Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, has stimulated the development of synthetic technologies aimed at producing alternative compounds with similar pharmacodynamics but altered chemical profiles that allow bypassing legal restrictions. Among such derivatives are Δ⁸-THC, HHC, THCP, THCO, and others. In this context, OTHC stands out because its formation is not the result of intentional design to increase affinity for cannabinoid receptors or modify duration of action. Instead, it often forms spontaneously-as a byproduct during isomerization or oxidation reactions accompanying the semi-synthetic production of other compounds. This fact explains why for a long time OTHC was not considered a separate pharmacological entity. Although there are still no systematic clinical studies on OTHC, its structure draws interest from molecular pharmacology. The oxo group at position 10 can significantly affect the electron density of the aromatic system and the conformation of...

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> Cannabichromanon (CBCF) is one of the lesser-studied members of the cannabinoid class - natural phenolic compounds produced by the Cannabis sativa plant.

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromanon-cbcf/
- Categories: General

Cannabichromanon (CBCF) is one of the lesser-studied members of the cannabinoid class - natural phenolic compounds produced by the Cannabis sativa plant. Despite significant progress in researching major cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), knowledge about the biochemical and pharmacological properties of less common cannabinoids, including CBCF, remains fragmentary. This creates a scientific gap that complicates a full understanding of the biochemistry and potential medical applications of this group of compounds. CBCF belongs to the class of cannabichromanons - cannabinoids characterized by the presence of a chromane core with a ketone functional group. The chromane skeleton is a structural core that provides the compound with unique chemical properties, including increased chemical stability compared to other cannabinoids. The molecular peculiarity of CBCF lies in the combination of the phenolic part typical for cannabinoids with the chromane ring, which modifies the molecule's electronic structure and potentially affects its bioactivity. At the same time, this class of compounds remains insufficiently studied from a chemical and pharmacological perspective. From a scientific point of view, it is important to distinguish CBCF from more common cannabinoids, as structural and functional small modifications in molecules can lead to significantly different interactions with biological targets. In particular, changes in the chromane core can substantially influence affinity for cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, as well as potential interactions with other proteins involved in regulating inflammatory processes, pain sensitivity, or neuromodulation. However, precise data on CBCF's pharmacodynamics is currently limited due to the lack of systematic studies and...

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> Cannabiglendol is one of the rare and little-studied natural compounds of the Cannabis genus, belonging to the class of cannabinoids. This chemical

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabiglendol/
- Categories: General

Cannabiglendol is one of the rare and little-studied natural compounds of the Cannabis genus, belonging to the class of cannabinoids. This chemical substance is of particular interest to researchers because its unique molecular structure and physicochemical properties distinguish it from more common cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD). Due to its low concentration in natural extracts, cannabiglendol remains one of the least studied compounds; however, it potentially could play an important role in the pharmacology and biochemistry of cannabinoids. The biosynthetic pathways for the formation of cannabiglendol in the Cannabis plant are associated with enzymatic transformations of cannabinoid precursors, particularly cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and other acid-forming compounds. Cannabiglendol is formed as a result of complex chemical transformations, including decarboxylation and isomerization, making it structurally and functionally distinct from other cannabinoids. Although detailed biosynthesis mechanisms have not yet been fully revealed, available data suggest that this cannabinoid arises as a byproduct in the plant's metabolic chains. Considering that cannabiglendol is present in plants in very small amounts, its extraction for experimental research is a technically challenging task. Therefore, various methods are applied to obtain cannabiglendol: from isolation from plant material to semi-synthetic and fully synthetic chemical synthesis pathways. Biotechnological approaches are also beginning to develop, involving the use of genetically modified microorganisms to produce this compound. Developing efficient and scalable synthesis methods is key to ensuring sufficient quantities of the substance for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The pharmacological properties of cannabiglendol remain insufficiently studied at present. However, it...

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> The mammalian endocannabinoid system, the study of which intensified following the discovery of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD),

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabiripsol-cbr/
- Categories: General

The mammalian endocannabinoid system, the study of which intensified following the discovery of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), continues to be a source of molecular discoveries related to numerous biological regulatory pathways. However, until recently, most pharmacological research has focused on a few of the most common phytocannabinoids, leaving hundreds of low-abundance or transient cannabis metabolites overlooked. Cannabiripsol (CBR) belongs precisely to this category-rare, understudied, yet structurally and functionally intriguing compounds that open new perspectives both for understanding the chemical plasticity of Cannabis sativa and for developing therapeutics with high selectivity. CBR was first identified as a natural component in certain cannabis chemotypes with unconventional terpene and cannabinoid profiles. Structurally, this compound is characterized by a polycyclic system that differs from classical cannabinoids like THC or CBD. At the same time, it possesses a cannabinoid "core"-a tricyclic backbone related to the family of meroterpenoid structures typical of cannabis metabolism. This allows it to be classified as a phytocannabinoid, although its biogenesis deviates from the main pathways that produce THC/CBD via the cannabigerol (CBG) branch. At the molecular level, CBR does not exhibit direct high affinity for the classical CB1 and CB2 receptors but shows potential for interaction with non-cannabinoid targets-TRP channels, PPAR receptors, or ion channels involved in inflammatory and nociceptive processes. Such pharmacological behavior is also characteristic of other "non-psychoactive" cannabinoids, such as cannabidivarin (CBDV) or cannabichromene (CBC). This positions CBR as a promising molecule for further preclinical studies in the areas of neuroprotection, inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome, as...

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> The natural cannabinoid system derived from the Cannabis sativa L. plant constitutes a complex ensemble of triterpene-like compounds with numerous

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicitran-cbt/
- Categories: General

The natural cannabinoid system derived from the Cannabis sativa L. plant constitutes a complex ensemble of triterpene-like compounds with numerous structural variations arising from chemical transformations of common precursors-primarily cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Among over 150 known cannabinoids, only a small fraction has been characterized in terms of structural chemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivity. Against this backdrop, cannabicitrans (Cannabicitran, CBT) represent one of the least studied groups, which simultaneously exhibit a unique combination of chemical distinctiveness and pharmacological potential that remains unknown today due to limited availability, analytical challenges, and lack of regulatory interest. CBT are not newly discovered compounds. They were first described in the 1970s by Italian and German chemical schools as products of degradation or structural transformation of other phytocannabinoids. The most representative member of this class is CBT-C5, or simply CBT in the narrow sense, which was initially isolated from cannabis extracts in situ and later synthesized in vitro to confirm its structure. However, despite having a validated chemical structure, CBT long remained outside the scope of scientific discourse, including pharmaceutical chemistry and phytotherapy. This is primarily due to several key reasons. First, CBT occurs in plant material only in trace amounts, which makes large-scale biological studies impossible without prior synthesis. Second, it demonstrates an unconventional structural morphology compared to classic cannabinoids: its skeleton lacks the tetrahydrocannabinol cyclic motif typical of THC derivatives, instead featuring its own triterpene-like vector with isocroptyl cyclization. This makes CBT more difficult to classify within the canonical model of cannabinoid biogenesis. Third,...

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> Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF) is a poorly studied cannabinoid compound with a dibenzofuran structure, first identified in trace amounts in pyrolysis products

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/dehydrocannabifuran-dcbf/
- Categories: General

Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF) is a poorly studied cannabinoid compound with a dibenzofuran structure, first identified in trace amounts in pyrolysis products of Cannabis sativa L. , as well as in minor quantities in plant-derived raw materials. Structurally, DCBF represents an aromatic derivative of cannabielsoin (CBE), in which the saturated tetrahydrocannabinoid fragment has undergone dehydrogenation resulting in a fully aromatic system containing a furan ring. The molecular formula of the compound is C₂₁H₂₄O₂; the molecule contains a five-carbon side chain at the 3-position of the benzene ring, an isopropenyl group at the 5-position, and a hydroxyl function at the 1-position. The dibenzofuran core of DCBF imparts an electron-rich, planar structure with high stability of the π-electron system, which potentially influences its interaction with biological targets. The degree of conjugation, the position of the hydroxyl group, and the distribution of lipophilic regions determine the compound's potential to penetrate biological membranes, including the blood-brain barrier. Primary in silico pharmacokinetic models indicate high membrane permeability, with a logP > 5, and predicted bioavailability upon enteral administration. These properties underpin scientific interest in DCBF as a potential pharmacological ligand. Available experimental data suggest that DCBF may form biosynthetically or thermogenically through the dehydrogenation of CBE derivatives. It is hypothesized that under natural conditions, DCBF can be generated as a result of oxidative-dehydrogenative processes in highly reactive environments (such as ultraviolet radiation, enzymatic oxidation, or thermal exposure). In laboratory conditions, synthesis can be achieved by targeted dehydration of saturated cannabinoids using acid catalysts or by aromatization using...

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> Δ⁹-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-cis-THC) is a rare but chemically and pharmacologically significant stereoisomer of one of the main psychoactive

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/delta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol-cis-thc/
- Categories: General

Δ⁹-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-cis-THC) is a rare but chemically and pharmacologically significant stereoisomer of one of the main psychoactive components of cannabis-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol. In the system of natural phytocannabinoids produced by Cannabis sativa L. , stereoisomerism plays a crucial role in the biological activity of the molecules. Δ⁹-THC has at least four stereoisomers arising from the configuration at the chiral centers in the tetrahydrocannabinol scaffold. Among them, the most well-known is the trans isomer with the configuration (−)-(6aR,10aR)-Δ⁹-THC, while the cis form with the configuration (6aS,10aR) remains the subject of only limited research. Studying this isomer is a necessary step in a systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships among cannabinoids. Phytocannabinoids are not classically biosynthesized secondary metabolites in terms of high enzymatic stereoselectivity. Current research demonstrates that Δ⁹-THC synthases in Cannabis sativa can produce mixtures of diastereomers, particularly in industrial (hemp) cultivars dominated by CBDA or CBGA. This means that Δ⁹-cis-THC is formed not only as a result of artificial isomerization in the laboratory but can also be present in trace amounts in the plant. Its presence in natural material is detected using highly sensitive methods-liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). From a chemical point of view, Δ⁹-cis-THC is a cyclic triterpenoid compound, a derivative of meroterpenoic acid, featuring a characteristic tricyclic system. Its molecular formula is C₂₁H₃₀O₂. The most important structural elements include a phenolic ring, a terpene chain, and a characteristic double bond between C⁹ and C¹⁰. In the case of the cis isomer,...

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> The cannabinoid system, although a relatively new subject of targeted pharmacological analysis, has already demonstrated exceptional flexibility in the

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/trihydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-trioh-thc/
- Categories: General

The cannabinoid system, although a relatively new subject of targeted pharmacological analysis, has already demonstrated exceptional flexibility in the context of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of its ligands. Among natural and synthetic cannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) remains the most well-known due to its psychoactive properties and high affinity for CB1 receptors. However, limitations in its clinical use-caused by its psychotropic effects, unpredictable pharmacokinetics, and ethical/legal barriers-have driven the scientific community to search for modified derivatives with alternative or selective biological profiles. It is in this context that trihydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (triOH-THC) attracts attention as a potentially important component in the chemical evolution of cannabinoids. TriOH-THC is a poorly studied oxygenated metabolite of Δ9-THC formed as a result of hydroxylation of the cannabinoid core. Its presence was first reported in the scientific literature within the metabolic profile arising from the intensive transformation of Δ9-THC in the liver. Most studies have focused only on 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (11-OH-THC)-the primary active metabolite with enhanced psychoactivity. Meanwhile, triOH-THC, which contains three hydroxyl groups in different positions of the terpene skeleton, remains on the periphery of pharmacological interest despite its potential bioactivity and chemical uniqueness. Mechanistically, hydroxylation of Δ9-THC mainly occurs through enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family (particularly CYP2C9 and CYP3A4), which perform regio- and stereoselective oxidation. In the classical metabolic scenario, the first step is the conversion of Δ9-THC to 11-OH-THC, followed by transformation to 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH), which is pharmacologically inactive. However, under certain conditions or in the presence of oxidase inducers, additional hydroxylated derivatives-including triOH-THC-may form. Likely...

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> In modern organic chemistry, particular interest is drawn to compounds that contain complex cyclic systems with functional groups capable of significantly

- Published: 2025-06-08
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/3-4-5-6-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-26-methano-2h-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol-oh-iso-hhcv/
- Categories: General

In modern organic chemistry, particular interest is drawn to compounds that contain complex cyclic systems with functional groups capable of significantly influencing the chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties of molecules. 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol (OH-iso-HHCV) is a molecule with a unique combination of spatial architecture and functional groups, making it a subject of in-depth research in synthetic organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials science. The chemical structure of OH-iso-HHCV belongs to the class of benzoxocin compounds-cyclic systems that include both saturated and unsaturated rings with oxygen, linked through complex bridge-like connections. This architectural structure defines the specifics of electron density within the molecule, enhances its stereospecificity, and its capacity for selective reactions, which is extremely valuable for the development of new pharmacological agents or catalysts. A distinctive feature of OH-iso-HHCV is the presence of multiple methyl and propyl substituents, which not only increase the molecule's hydrophobicity but also affect its three-dimensional configuration, opening up new opportunities for molecular interactions. Historically, the development of synthetic methods for benzoxocin systems progressed through stepwise improvements in cyclization and functionalization reactions. However, OH-iso-HHCV stands out among known compounds due to its complex substitution pattern and potential for flexible modification. Synthetic approaches to obtaining this molecule combine classical organic reactions with innovative technologies such as transition-metal catalysis, microwave activation, and the use of unconventional solvents. These strategies make it possible to obtain pure products with high selectivity and yield. An important aspect of current research is not only the chemical synthesis and structure of OH-iso-HHCV but also its...

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> Cannabis, or hemp, is one of the oldest and most well-known plants used for medicinal, industrial, and recreational purposes. The constituents of this

- Published: 2025-05-14
- Modified: 2025-05-14
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/10-ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol/
- Categories: General

Cannabis, or hemp, is one of the oldest and most well-known plants used for medicinal, industrial, and recreational purposes. The constituents of this plant-cannabinoids-have attracted significant interest from scientists, physicians, and pharmaceutical professionals due to their ability to influence the nervous system, particularly in relation to pain, mood, stress responses, and other important physiological processes. The most well-known cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their derivatives. However, researchers are increasingly focusing on new compounds that may possess unique properties and therapeutic potential. One such compound is 10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol (10-EtO-9-Hydroxy-Delta-6a-THC), which, although less studied, has already garnered attention due to its unique chemical and pharmacological characteristics. 10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol is a derivative of classic tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. However, differences in its structure-particularly the presence of an ethoxy group (C₂H₅O) and a hydroxyl group (OH)-alter its ability to interact with cannabinoid receptors in the body. These structural modifications may influence its pharmacodynamics, making this compound either less or more active compared to other cannabinoids. This, in turn, expands the potential for its use in medical practice. This cannabinoid derivative exhibits an interesting activity profile on the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, which are part of the endocannabinoid system that regulates a wide range of physiological functions, such as pain, mood, appetite, and memory. In particular, 10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol may possess specific properties that make it a promising candidate for the treatment of conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety disorders, depression, and certain neurological disorders. Researchers are actively exploring the potential of cannabinoids...

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> Cannabitriol (CBT) is one of the lesser-studied compounds within the cannabinoid group and is a naturally occurring product of Cannabis plants. While most

- Published: 2025-05-14
- Modified: 2025-05-14
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabitriol-cbt/
- Categories: General

Cannabitriol (CBT) is one of the lesser-studied compounds within the cannabinoid group and is a naturally occurring product of Cannabis plants. While most research and medical applications of cannabinoids have focused on more well-known compounds such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), cannabitriol is gradually attracting the attention of scientists and medical professionals due to its unique properties and potential therapeutic benefits. Cannabitriol belongs to the group of phytocannabinoids produced by Cannabis sativa plants; however, its concentration in nature is significantly lower than that of the more common cannabinoids like THC and CBD. Because of this, research related to CBT is more limited in scope compared to other compounds in this group. Nevertheless, recent scientific studies suggest that CBT may possess specific biological effects that make it a promising candidate for medical applications. The purpose of this article is to examine cannabitriol, its chemical properties, methods of synthesis, and its potential uses in medicine. The article will be based on verified scientific sources and will highlight the current aspects of research related to this cannabinoid. Particular attention will be given to the potential therapeutic effects of CBT, as well as how it compares with other cannabinoids such as THC and CBD. The importance of cannabinoids in medicine is difficult to overstate. Most contemporary research has focused on the use of cannabinoids in treating conditions such as chronic pain, neurological disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, and for relieving symptoms associated with cancer and other serious illnesses. Cannabitriol, although less studied compared...

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> Over the past few decades, the pharmacology of natural compounds has experienced significant transformative growth, especially in the area of cannabinoid

- Published: 2025-05-14
- Modified: 2025-05-14
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/8-9-dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabino/
- Categories: General

Over the past few decades, the pharmacology of natural compounds has experienced significant transformative growth, especially in the area of cannabinoid research-a class of bioactive substances either extracted or chemically synthesized based on structural units inherent to the Cannabis sativa L. plant. Among these, in addition to well-studied compounds like Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN), there has been increasing interest in less-researched but potentially significant derivatives such as 8,9-Dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol (8,9-diOH-Δ⁶a-THC). This compound belongs to a group of oxygenated metabolites formed as a result of biotransformations of classic THC or through synthetic oxidative processes. Its study is important both in the context of fundamental cannabinoid biochemistry and from a pharmacological safety standpoint, as oxygenated metabolites may exhibit properties different from the parent molecule, including altered affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as new toxicological profiles. Since the 1990s, when cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 were cloned and extensively characterized, the study of Δ⁹-THC metabolites has gained momentum. It has been shown that cannabinoids undergo complex first-pass metabolism in the liver and extrahepatic tissues in humans, including oxidative, hydroxylating, decarboxylating, and conjugating transformations involving the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The most well-known metabolites of Δ⁹-THC are 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH), but modern analytical science allows for the identification of dozens of other, less common derivatives, among which 8,9-dihydroxy-THC stands out as particularly significant. 8,9-Dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol is a doubly hydroxylated derivative of Δ⁶a-THC-a less common isomer of Δ⁹-THC, where the double bond is located between carbon atoms C6a and...

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> In the context of contemporary cannabinoid science, there remains an asymmetry in attention towards different representatives of this chemical group: the

- Published: 2025-05-14
- Modified: 2025-05-14
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabivarin-cbv/
- Categories: General

In the context of contemporary cannabinoid science, there remains an asymmetry in attention towards different representatives of this chemical group: the key objects of research are still Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and to a slightly lesser extent, cannabinol (CBN). Their well-established study has become the benchmark for understanding the endocannabinoid system, receptor affinity, and clinical potential, which has led to the marginalization of less common or metabolically secondary cannabinoids. In this shadow is also cannabivarin (CBV) - a structurally stable, completely non-psychoactive molecule formed as a result of the oxidation of tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and it remains virtually outside the paradigms of clinical, neuropharmacological, or even chemotaxonomic attention. However, the current level of analytical precision in studying natural metabolites raises new questions about the significance of such "peripheral" components, and CBV serves in this context as a molecule representing a latent functional layer of phytocannabinoid chemistry, still not integrated into the theoretical framework of either neuroscience, phytochemistry, or pharmacognosy. From a formal standpoint, CBV is a product of auto-oxidation or thermally-catalyzed dehydrogenation of THCV - a molecule structurally similar to THC, but with a propyl side chain instead of a pentyl one. This varin-type version of Δ⁹-THC is itself a subject of pharmacological interest due to its antagonistic effect on CB1 receptors and potential impact on glycemic mechanisms. The formation of CBV from THCV is, on one hand, an obvious process, expected in the context of cannabinoid degradation during biomass aging or under thermal stress; on the other hand, it is...

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> Cannabiorcol (CBN-C1) is one of the cannabinoids - a group of organic compounds naturally found in plants of the Cannabis genus. These molecules have

- Published: 2025-05-14
- Modified: 2025-05-14
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabiorcol-cbn-c1/
- Categories: General

Cannabiorcol (CBN-C1) is one of the cannabinoids - a group of organic compounds naturally found in plants of the Cannabis genus. These molecules have gained significant interest in scientific research due to their ability to interact with the human endocannabinoid system, as they may have important biological and therapeutic properties. Cannabiorcol is structurally similar to other cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD), but its chemical properties and effects on the body are less studied, making it an object of intensive scientific research. The CBN-C1 molecule contains an aromatic ring, which is common among most cannabinoids, as well as a specific chain with double bonds that determine its stability and reactivity. These structural features can significantly affect the physicochemical properties of cannabiorcol, such as its solubility in various solvents, thermostability, and its ability to undergo chemical reactions with other molecules. Studying these characteristics is essential for the development of new synthesis technologies and potential applications of CBN-C1 in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The history of the discovery of cannabiorcins dates back to the mid-20th century when scientists began to actively study cannabis and its derivatives. Initially, research focused on studying the most well-known cannabinoids, such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), but over time, scientists' attention also shifted to lesser-known compounds, including cannabiorcol. The first observations of the biological activity of CBN-C1 appeared at the end of the 20th century, when researchers began to examine the potential therapeutic properties of less studied cannabinoids. To date, research on cannabiorcins is at...

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> Cannabinolic acid (CBNA) is a relatively underexplored yet scientifically promising compound in the context of natural cannabinoid chemistry. Unlike most

- Published: 2025-05-10
- Modified: 2025-05-10
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-c4-cbn-c4-2/
- Categories: General

Cannabinolic acid (CBNA) is a relatively underexplored yet scientifically promising compound in the context of natural cannabinoid chemistry. Unlike most acid forms, such as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) or cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), CBNA is not a direct biosynthetic product of the enzymatic cycle in Cannabis species. Instead, it forms as a result of post-biogenetic processes, specifically autocatalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of precursors. This fact gives it a unique status within the chemical profile of cannabinoid metabolism-CBNA is not produced during the active vegetative or flowering stages of the plant, but only appears during degradation, losing its direct connection to the primary biogenetic pathway. Therefore, CBNA can be considered a marker of secondary transformation of cannabinoid structures under the influence of external factors, reflecting not only the chemical state of the substance but also the time, storage conditions, and exogenous influences. From a chemical perspective, CBNA is a carboxylated analogue of cannabinol (CBN), but unlike the latter, its structure includes an unstable carboxyl group that increases its reactivity and makes it more labile to heat, light, and oxidizing agents. In this context, CBNA cannot be studied using traditional stable extraction or thermal analysis methods, as even slight temperature increases lead to decarboxylation or further degradation. As a result, an ongoing scientific challenge is to create conditions that can stabilize this molecule in analytical or pharmaceutical environments without compromising its chemical integrity. Unlike most phytocannabinoids, CBNA is not a psychoactive compound and does not directly activate cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system....

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> Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4) is a relatively new cannabinoid that is gaining increasing interest among scientists due to its potential in various fields,

- Published: 2025-05-10
- Modified: 2025-05-10
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-c4-cbn-c4/
- Categories: General

Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4) is a relatively new cannabinoid that is gaining increasing interest among scientists due to its potential in various fields, particularly in medicine and pharmaceuticals. While cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been widely researched, CBN-C4 remains less studied and often receives less attention. However, this compound possesses unique properties that could make it a significant component in the development of new therapeutic strategies. One of the main reasons for the growing interest in CBN-C4 is its potential to treat a broad range of medical conditions. Like other cannabinoids, CBN-C4 can interact with the body's cannabinoid receptors, enabling it to exhibit properties useful in treating disorders such as chronic pain, psychiatric and neurological conditions, and immune system dysfunctions. Additionally, CBN-C4 may have other beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activity, which makes it a promising candidate for a wide spectrum of medical applications. The rising interest in cannabinoids like CBN-C4 is also due to their ability to influence the nervous system, particularly mechanisms involved in pain regulation, anxiety disorders, and insomnia. As traditional pharmaceutical medications often come with serious side effects, cannabinoids could serve as alternatives or complements to existing therapeutic approaches. Despite being in the early stages of research, CBN-C4 has already attracted significant attention from researchers. Most of the scientific literature focuses on well-known cannabinoids, but new discoveries in the chemistry and biology of CBN-C4 are opening new avenues for its use in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and even cosmetology. This article is...

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> Cannabinols are a class of biologically active compounds that have gained significant attention in scientific research due to their ability to interact

- Published: 2025-05-10
- Modified: 2025-05-10
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-c2-cbn-c2/
- Categories: General

Cannabinols are a class of biologically active compounds that have gained significant attention in scientific research due to their ability to interact with the human endocannabinoid system and other living organisms. One such cannabinoid is Cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2), an isomer of cannabinol that possesses specific chemical properties, making it particularly relevant in the context of medical and pharmaceutical research. CBN-C2 is the subject of intensive investigation due to its therapeutic potential and possible applications across various pharmacological areas, such as neuroprotection, pain management, and the treatment of sleep disorders. The chemical structure of Cannabinol-C2 differs from that of traditional cannabinol due to a modification in its side chain, which has significant implications for its physiological effects and metabolic pathways. As such, Cannabinol-C2 is not merely another compound-it represents an important subject for scientific exploration. Its unique property lies in its interaction with specific receptors in the endocannabinoid system, which plays a central role in regulating a variety of physiological processes in the human body, including pain perception, appetite, mood, and memory. A wide array of cannabinoids exists, each with distinct physiological effects. Studies indicate that Cannabinol-C2, like many other cannabinoids, may exhibit therapeutic properties, thereby opening new opportunities for the treatment of chronic conditions such as persistent pain, neurological disorders, and sleep disturbances. This is largely attributed to its ability to modulate the activity of various neurotransmitters in the brain and influence neurogenic processes. It is known to possess neuroprotective properties, which could make it a promising candidate in the treatment...

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> The chemistry of cannabinoids at the current stage of development has gone far beyond the natural cannabis product and its primary metabolites.

- Published: 2025-05-10
- Modified: 2025-05-10
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-methyl-ether-cbnm/
- Categories: General

The chemistry of cannabinoids at the current stage of development has gone far beyond the natural cannabis product and its primary metabolites. Increasingly, research strategies are focusing not only on the principal phyto- and endocannabinoids, but also on artificially modified derivatives that either model the pharmacophoric properties of known compounds or, conversely, radically alter their biological behavior. Among these derivatives, particular attention is given to esters, amides, halogenated derivatives, and conjugates, which are utilized both in fundamental medicinal chemistry and in the development of pharmaceuticals, ligand prototypes, and molecular probe systems. Cannabinol methyl ether (CBNM) is one of the least described members of the class of simple cannabinoid ethers, emerging at the intersection of several scientific disciplines-organic synthesis, pharmacological screening, bioanalytical chemistry, and molecular design. Despite its absence in major review papers or classification schemes, CBNM is potentially a key marker in the chemical modification of CBN-the oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which itself is a central focus of numerous neuropharmacological studies. In turn, the transformation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of cannabinol into a methyl ether is not a mere functionalization: it alters electron density, reduces hydrogen-bonding capacity, modifies the metabolic profile, and may affect the spatial orientation of the molecule within receptor environments. CBNM is not a natural constituent of cannabis-at the time of writing, it has not been detected in any botanical extracts, either in trace amounts or in significant concentrations. This imposes a particular specificity on the interpretation of its biological relevance: unlike the major phyto-analogues,...

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> Despite the growing interest in cannabinoids within pharmacology and neurobiology, cannabinol (CBN) has long remained in the shadow of more extensively

- Published: 2025-05-07
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinol-cbn/
- Categories: General

Despite the growing interest in cannabinoids within pharmacology and neurobiology, cannabinol (CBN) has long remained in the shadow of more extensively studied compounds such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Its status as a secondary metabolite, primarily formed through the auto-oxidation of Δ9-THC, often led to its mistaken identification as an "inactive" or even "degraded" product. This approach overlooks the significant biological specificity of CBN, as well as its unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, which distinguish it both from primary phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoid analogs. CBN is not just a byproduct of oxygen acting on THC. It is a distinct cannabinoid with full pharmacological activity that cannot be reduced to merely its suppressed effect on CB1 receptors. Its partial agonistic action on CB2 receptors, as well as its affinity for non-mainstream cannabinoid and TRP receptors (particularly TRPA1), indicates the potential of this compound in exploring peripheral anti-inflammatory pathways, nociception modulation, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, unlike THC, CBN demonstrates a significantly lower psychoactive profile, which opens up possibilities for therapeutic applications without the restrictions associated with THC's psychotropic effects. Historically, CBN was the first cannabinoid to be isolated in its pure form and characterized using classical organic chemistry methods: its structure was established in the 1930s, before the identification of THC. The systematic chemical study of cannabis began with CBN, though it was later marginalized due to its low concentration in fresh plant material. It is important to note that the isolation of CBN was often an indirect indicator of the quality...

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> Over the past two decades, there has been a noticeable paradigm shift in scientific discourse surrounding phytocannabinoids-from narrowly focused studies

- Published: 2025-05-07
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinodivarin-cbvd/
- Categories: General

Over the past two decades, there has been a noticeable paradigm shift in scientific discourse surrounding phytocannabinoids-from narrowly focused studies on the primary psychoactive metabolites such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) to a systemic analysis of the minor components of cannabis, which are chemically similar but biologically unique. In this context, particular attention is beginning to be paid to cannabinodiol (CBND), one of the least studied and rarely detected members of this group. It is primarily mentioned in analytical research, but the lack of available reference standards, its low natural abundance, and its structural similarity to other phenolic cannabinoids significantly complicate its investigation. CBND is an example of a molecule that, despite its low concentration in natural cannabis, may hold significant biological and pharmacological importance-something that is not yet fully recognized. The literature contains occasional mentions of its identification in plant material from certain clones of Cannabis sativa L. , primarily in studies using highly specialized high-resolution chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods. These studies show that CBND is not an artifact or a degradation product, as was previously suggested in the context of CBN, but rather a stable, albeit minor, metabolite with a likely specific biosynthetic pathway. The question of the chemoselectivity of the enzymatic cascades that lead to the formation of CBND is especially noteworthy. The presence of this compound in certain cannabis chemotypes, which are not characterized by high expression of cannabinol or cannabidiol, hints at the possibility of a parallel biochemical branch or an independent enzymatic system. This is critically important...

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> Cannabinodiol (CBND) is one of many cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. However, despite its presence in cannabis extracts and chemical

- Published: 2025-05-07
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabinodiol-cbnd/
- Categories: General

Cannabinodiol (CBND) is one of many cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. However, despite its presence in cannabis extracts and chemical profiles, CBND remains relatively underexplored and seldom studied. This fact hides an intriguing potential for investigating its chemical properties, mechanisms of action, and possibilities for medical applications. In this section, we will attempt to delve deeper into the nature of CBND, its physicochemical properties, origin, methods of extraction, and possible uses in medical practice. The importance of studying CBND is underscored by the fact that it is part of a larger group of cannabinoids that are actively researched due to their potentially beneficial properties. Cannabinoids found in cannabis interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, making their study essential for understanding various physiological and psychoactive processes. Specifically, many cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have gained popularity due to their medical and therapeutic effects, including in pain management, inflammation, epilepsy, and mental health disorders. However, cannabinoids like CBND remain on the periphery of these studies and have not yet received sufficient attention from the scientific community. To understand the significance of CBND, it is necessary to start by examining its chemical structure. The difference between CBND and other cannabinoids lies in its unique molecular structure, which determines its distinct physicochemical properties and interactions with biological systems. It is known that CBND is an isomer of cannabidiol (CBD), but its molecular characteristics differ significantly due to the presence of additional functional groups or changes in the configuration of...

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> Cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA) is one of many cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. However, despite its importance in scientific research, CBGVA has

- Published: 2025-05-07
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerovarinic-acid-cbgva/
- Categories: General

Cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA) is one of many cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. However, despite its importance in scientific research, CBGVA has remained less well-known compared to more popular cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). With the advancement of cannabinoid research and the expansion of medical and pharmaceutical applications of cannabis-based products, interest in lesser-studied compounds like CBGVA is increasing. Since cannabigerovarinic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthetic processes of the plant and may also possess pharmacological properties, its investigation has become increasingly relevant. To understand the significance of CBGVA within the context of cannabis and medical research, it is important to note that this cannabinoid serves as a precursor to other, more well-known compounds such as cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerovarin (CBGV). Its biosynthetic pathway involves enzymatic reactions that take place in specialized cells within the cannabis plant. The role of CBGVA as a metabolic precursor to other cannabinoids underscores its importance in the broader study of cannabis metabolism and phytochemistry. The complexity and diversity of the biochemical pathways leading to the formation of cannabigerovarinic acid reflect the intricate nature of metabolic processes in plants. These mechanisms are typically activated during cannabinoid synthesis, particularly through the action of specific enzymes that modify terpenoid molecules. The importance of CBGVA in cannabinoid biosynthesis is not limited to its role as a precursor. Studies have shown that CBGVA may have properties that are potentially useful in a range of medical contexts. As cannabis continues to be explored for its...

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> Within the chemical profile of Cannabis sativa L., the spotlight has long been focused on well-studied phytocannabinoids such as Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol

- Published: 2025-05-07
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerovarin-cbgv/
- Categories: General

Within the chemical profile of Cannabis sativa L. , the spotlight has long been focused on well-studied phytocannabinoids such as Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Meanwhile, numerous secondary derivatives-particularly those belonging to the varin subclass-have remained on the periphery of scientific attention. This neglect is primarily due to their low concentrations in the plant, analytical detection challenges, and a general lack of practical demand. Only in recent years, thanks to advancements in high-precision chromatographic mass spectrometry and the adoption of transdisciplinary approaches in phytochemistry, has the pharmacological potential of these lesser-known compounds begun to be explored in earnest. Among them, cannabigerovarin (CBGV) stands out-a structural analog of cannabigerol (CBG) that differs in the length of its side chain, and therefore, in its spectrum of biological activity and pharmacokinetics. CBGV formally belongs to the group of propyl (varin-type) cannabinoids, in which the standard pentyl side chain is replaced by a propyl chain. This structural modification not only affects the compound’s lipophilicity and its ability to move across cellular membranes but also alters how it interacts with various receptor systems-particularly transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and other non-canonical molecular targets. Despite its close chemical relationship with CBG, CBGV is far from being a simple variant. It exhibits a distinct pharmacodynamic profile that, according to preliminary data, may offer more narrowly targeted effects and potentially higher selectivity in modulating inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic processes. CBGV’s uniqueness also stems from its biosynthetic origin. In natural cannabis populations, it is...

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> Cannabielsoin Acid A (CBEA-A) is a relatively new compound within the context of cannabinoids, drawing attention from researchers due to its chemical

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabielsoin-acid-a-cbea-a/
- Categories: General

Cannabielsoin Acid A (CBEA-A) is a relatively new compound within the context of cannabinoids, drawing attention from researchers due to its chemical uniqueness and potential therapeutic properties. It belongs to a group of cannabinoids found in plants of the Cannabis genus. Chemically, it is an acid that serves as a precursor to cannabielsoin, one of its primary functions being to participate in the synthesis of cannabinoids in plants. However, unlike more well-known cannabinoids such as THC or CBD, CBEA-A remains largely underexplored and is only beginning to attract scientific attention due to its interesting physiological effects and biological activity. One of the main characteristics of CBEA-A is its chemical structure, which allows it to interact with cannabinoid receptors in the human and animal bodies. Since cannabinoids generally exert their activity by interacting with CB1 and CB2 receptors, there is a high likelihood that CBEA-A may also affect these systems, although its precise mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. However, it can already be hypothesized that, due to its chemical proximity to other cannabinoids, CBEA-A could have similar anti-inflammatory and neurotropic effects, opening up new possibilities for medical use. In the scientific world, Cannabielsoin Acid A is currently perceived as a compound with significant potential for developing new medications, as there is limited understanding of its properties and mechanisms of action. Despite the limited number of studies, there are assumptions that this compound may be useful in treating a wide range of diseases, including chronic inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative diseases,...

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> Cannabielsoic Acid B (CBEA-B) belongs to the group of non-canonical cannabinoids that form as minor derivatives within the biochemical metabolism of

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabielsoic-acid-b-cbea-b/
- Categories: General

Cannabielsoic Acid B (CBEA-B) belongs to the group of non-canonical cannabinoids that form as minor derivatives within the biochemical metabolism of Cannabis sativa L. It was first detected during extensive chemotypic screening conducted to explore the chemical variability of cannabis. However, it remains insufficiently characterized both in terms of its physicochemical parameters and as a biologically active substance. References to CBEA-B in the scientific literature predominantly appear as secondary detections in analytical chromatograms or as markers in genetically modified cannabis phenotypes, indicating the highly specific nature of its biosynthesis. In contrast to well-studied acidic forms of cannabinoids-such as THCA or CBDA-CBEA-B has been the subject of only a few analytical reports and is virtually absent from patent repositories and pharmacological registries. In chemical databases, its molecular identification is currently under ongoing systematization. This fact alone highlights the relevance of studying the molecule: the absence of unified structural parameters does not imply a lack of significance, but rather a gap in the systematic analysis of unstable or low-yield cannabinoid biosynthetic pathways. From the perspective of natural compound science, CBEA-B is intriguing primarily because it is likely the result of an alternative oxidation pathway or enzymatic isomerization of cannabielinic acids, which themselves are derived from the precursor cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). This origin explains its sporadic presence only in select chemotypes, within a narrow range of phenoexpression that depends on complex interactions between plant genotype, agrochemical exposure, and the biosynthetic phase. Chemical Characterization of CBEA-B Molecular Structure: Atomic Composition and Chemical Specificity Cannabielsoic...

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> In the field of cannabinoid science, primary bioactive components of Cannabis sativa have traditionally garnered the most attention. However, the true

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabielsoin-cbe/
- Categories: General

In the field of cannabinoid science, primary bioactive components of Cannabis sativa have traditionally garnered the most attention. However, the true pharmacological effects of their application in the body are largely determined by the products of secondary metabolism. One such underexplored yet critically important substance is Cannabielsoin (CBE)-a metabolite formed as a result of oxidative transformations of cannabidiol (CBD) within the human or animal organism. Despite its chemical inertness, CBE demonstrates a persistent accumulation profile and can be detected even when the parent compound has been fully cleared from the plasma. This fact highlights its potential as a retrospective biomarker in clinical, toxicological, and biopharmaceutical research. Cannabielsoin is not a typical phytocannabinoid in the direct sense, as it is not synthesized by the plant itself, but rather formed in vivo through metabolic processes. This characteristic places it outside the classical classification of cannabinoids and designates it as a marker of endogenous cannabinoid metabolism rather than phytochemical origin. From a scientific standpoint, this opens a new line of research-focused on the metabolomics of secondary cannabinoids-shifting the emphasis from plant chemotypes to the individual's metabolic response. Another defining aspect is the structural uniqueness of CBE, suggesting the involvement of specific oxidoreductases and other phase I metabolic enzymes, likely through atypical enzymatic pathways. In cases of variable CBD metabolism associated with genetic polymorphisms in CYP450 enzymes, the quantitative relationships among CBD, its hydroxylated forms, and CBE may reflect individual enzymatic activity. Consequently, this has clinical value in personalized medicine. Thus, despite long-standing neglect...

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> Over the past few decades, cannabinoids, biologically active compounds naturally found in Cannabis sativa L., have become the focus of extensive

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerol-cbg/
- Categories: General

Over the past few decades, cannabinoids, biologically active compounds naturally found in Cannabis sativa L. , have become the focus of extensive scientific research. The primary attention has been directed toward Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which have well-characterized pharmacological profiles. However, the plant also contains other, less common cannabinoids that demonstrate unique biological properties. One such compound is cannabigerol (CBG) - a non-psychoactive molecule that serves as a metabolic precursor to THC, CBD, and CBC in the biosynthetic cascade of cannabinoids. CBG is synthesized as a precursor acid, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), which undergoes cyclization into other major cannabinoids with the help of enzymes. As a result, in mature plants, the concentration of free CBG typically does not exceed 1%, historically complicating its study. However, modern biotechnological methods now allow for the production of CBG in sufficient quantities, opening new opportunities to explore its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, and potentially anti-cancer effects. Currently, interest in CBG is driven not only by its unique pharmacological profile but also by its low psychoactivity, making it a promising candidate for clinical applications in areas where traditional cannabinoids are limited. Origin and Chemical Characteristics of Cannabigerol (CBG) Cannabigerol (CBG) is one of the primary cannabinoids found in Cannabis sativa plants. It is a molecule that plays a central role in the complex biochemical pathway of cannabis metabolism, acting as a precursor to most other cannabinoids, such as Δ⁹-THC and CBD. A key feature of CBG is its ability to act as a matrix for subsequent...

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> The monomethyl ether of cannabigerol (CBGM) is a derivative of cannabigerol (CBG), one of the primary cannabinoids found in cannabis. Like other

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/monomethyl-ether-of-cannabigerol-cbgm/
- Categories: General

The monomethyl ether of cannabigerol (CBGM) is a derivative of cannabigerol (CBG), one of the primary cannabinoids found in cannabis. Like other cannabinoids, CBG is part of a group of chemical compounds that interact with specific receptors in the human body, particularly the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. An important characteristic of CBG is that it does not have psychoactive properties, unlike its close relatives such as THC. As a result, research on cannabigerol is gaining popularity, especially in the context of its potential therapeutic properties in treating various diseases, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and oncological conditions. The monomethyl ether of cannabigerol, as a derivative of this molecule, emerges as an interesting compound for scientific research due to potential changes in its pharmacological properties compared to the original cannabigerol. Molecular modifications such as methylation can significantly alter their interaction with receptors, distribution in the body, bioavailability, and potential for therapeutic use. Methylation may influence the ability of molecules to penetrate cells, their stability, as well as their interaction with other biological targets. The monomethyl ether of cannabigerol (CBGM) is the subject of research, but currently, there is a limited amount of scientific work dedicated to this specific compound. Existing data is mostly limited to descriptions of potential synthetic approaches for creating such molecules and the possible directions for their use in medicine. Studying such derivatives is an important step in developing new therapeutic strategies, as they may have different mechanisms of action or better bioavailability compared to the parent compounds. In...

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> Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), as the primary precursor of many cannabinoids, is a molecule receiving significant attention in scientific research due to its

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabigerolic-acid-cbga/
- Categories: General

Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), as the primary precursor of many cannabinoids, is a molecule receiving significant attention in scientific research due to its unique biochemical properties and potential for medical application. CBGA plays a crucial role in cannabinoid metabolism, as it is the source compound for the synthesis of well-known substances such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), highlighting its importance not only from a biochemical perspective but also from a therapeutic standpoint. Considering the continuously growing interest in cannabinoids within the context of their use in medicine and pharmaceuticals, CBGA is at the center of research aimed at expanding the spectrum of medical indications and improving production methods for these compounds. The biosynthesis of CBGA occurs in Cannabis plants through complex enzymatic reactions that lead to the formation of this molecule from cannabigerol (CBG) and its precursors. Since CBGA is the initial compound for the synthesis of other cannabinoids, its significance in the processes that determine the chemical structure of cannabis cannot be overstated. CBGA molecules possess important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating their potential in the treatment of numerous diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and in the fight against oncological processes. In medical practice, the interest in CBGA is driven by its ability to interact with the body's endocannabinoid system. Its role as part of a broad group of cannabinoids that may have therapeutic effects without psychoactive properties makes CBGA essential for research in the area of safe treatments for various diseases. Studying the mechanisms...

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> Monomethyl ether of cannabigerolic acid (CBGAM) is a novel and largely unexplored member of the class of acidic cannabinoids, arising through the specific

- Published: 2025-05-02
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/monomethyl-ether-of-cannabigerolic-acid-cbgam/
- Categories: General

Monomethyl ether of cannabigerolic acid (CBGAM) is a novel and largely unexplored member of the class of acidic cannabinoids, arising through the specific methylation of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Despite its relatedness to well-characterized cannabis compounds such as Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) or cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), CBGAM remains outside the scope of systematic pharmacological research. Its emergence in the scientific discourse is a relatively recent phenomenon, arising from deeper exploration of the cannabinoid profile, particularly in specialized Cannabis sativa strains developed using directed phytogenetic methods and through laboratory experiments involving methylation. From a scientific perspective, the appearance of derivatives such as CBGAM represents a logical step in the development of research into metabolic pathways in cannabinoid biosynthesis. The chemical structure of CBGAM, containing both a carboxylic acid group and a methylated phenolic functionality, suggests potentially unique biophysical properties that may modify the interaction of the molecule with cellular membranes, receptor complexes, and transport proteins. This, in turn, provides grounds for hypothesizing distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties compared to unmethylated forms. Of particular interest is the possibility of stereoselective effects related to the spatial arrangement of the methyl group, which may significantly influence affinity for receptors or enzymes. In contrast to major cannabinoids, CBGAM has yet to be included in regulatory classification or large-scale studies on safety, toxicology, and bioavailability. This results in the absence of clinical standards or pharmacopoeial norms for this compound, leaving significant room for research initiative. On the other hand, this uncertainty presents a unique opportunity for discovery in...

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> Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) is an important molecule in the context of emerging cannabinoid research, gaining increasing attention due to its potential

- Published: 2025-04-29
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidivarinic-acid-cbdva/
- Categories: General

Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) is an important molecule in the context of emerging cannabinoid research, gaining increasing attention due to its potential therapeutic properties. Distinct from other cannabinoids such as CBD and THC, CBDVA belongs to the varin group of cannabinoids, characterized by the presence of a propyl side chain in its chemical structure, which significantly influences its physiological activity. As a derivative of cannabidivarin, its properties are very similar, yet there are some important differences that may make it even more promising in medical practice. At the molecular level, CBDVA influences a wide range of biological mechanisms due to its ability to interact with various receptors and ion channels. It possesses a unique capability to interact with TRP channels (transient receptor potential channels), particularly with TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPA1, which are crucial for pain perception, temperature sensation, and inflammatory processes. Therefore, the primary interest in CBDVA focuses on its ability to modulate pain and inflammation that arise from chronic diseases or injuries. One of the distinctive features of CBDVA is its ability to actively inhibit the excessive activation of certain TRP channels that are responsible for pain and inflammation. Specifically, its influence on TRPV1 enables the reduction of painful sensations that often occur in conditions such as arthritis, injuries, or neuropathic disorders, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of chronic pain. Furthermore, CBDVA’s interaction with TRPV2 channels opens new opportunities for investigating its application in the treatment of diseases associated with cellular proliferation, such as cancer. Given its...

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> Over the past few decades, cannabinoids, once subjects of criminalization, have gradually transformed into a focus of intense scientific interest. Amid

- Published: 2025-04-29
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidivarin-cbdv/
- Categories: General

Over the past few decades, cannabinoids, once subjects of criminalization, have gradually transformed into a focus of intense scientific interest. Amid the limitations of classical pharmacotherapeutic approaches, molecules derived from Cannabis sativa L. have begun to be explored as promising agents for targeted treatment of complex, multi-etiological conditions, such as pharmacoresistant epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), neurodegenerative diseases, and various forms of chronic pain. However, despite the success of CBD (cannabidiol) as the first officially recognized therapeutic agent, most other cannabinoids remain on the periphery of scientific development. The new focus of research is shifting from the study of major cannabinoids (Δ9-THC and CBD) to minor, less explored molecules, such as cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), and isomers like Cannabielsoic Acid B (CBDA-B). These compounds, distinct in their structure and mechanisms of action, are promising to expand the existing pharmacological toolkit by interacting with alternative biological targets, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, PPAR receptors, and the serotoninergic system. Such interactions open new therapeutic possibilities, particularly for modulating neuroregenerative processes, regulating inflammatory cascades, and providing neuroprotection. A key challenge remains the biotechnological production of rare cannabinoids in sufficient quantities for research and clinical application. Traditional extraction methods require large amounts of raw materials and carry the risk of degradation of the acidic forms of molecules. Innovative approaches, such as the genetic modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cannabinoid biosynthesis, already offer alternatives to agricultural production, potentially shifting the balance of availability for these substances. At the same time, there is...

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> Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1) is a relatively new cannabinoid that has attracted significant attention from scientists due to its potential medical and

- Published: 2025-04-27
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidiorcol-cbd-c1/
- Categories: General

Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1) is a relatively new cannabinoid that has attracted significant attention from scientists due to its potential medical and pharmacological properties. Like other cannabinoids, CBD-C1 is derived from plants of the Cannabis genus, specifically from varieties of Cannabis sativa that contain low concentrations of psychoactive compounds such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, unlike THC, CBD-C1 does not have a pronounced psychoactive effect, making it more attractive for medical applications. Research on cannabidiorcol significantly expands our understanding of the mechanisms by which cannabinoids interact with the human body. It has been found that CBD-C1 has a number of unique properties that distinguish it from other cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), which is also a widely researched component of cannabis. This opens new prospects for the use of CBD-C1 in the treatment of various diseases, including chronic pain, inflammatory processes, mental disorders, and even oncological diseases. One of the main reasons CBD-C1 attracts the attention of researchers is its ability to interact with cannabinoid receptors in the body, such as CB1 and CB2, which are part of the endocannabinoid system. This system regulates various biological processes, including mood, pain, appetite, immune response, and other functions. Due to its ability to influence these receptors, CBD-C1 may have potential in treating a wide range of diseases, from anxiety disorders and depression to reducing inflammation and relieving pain. However, despite the great potential, research on CBD-C1 is still in its early stages, and scientists are actively working to understand all of its properties. Furthermore, additional clinical...

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> Over the past few decades, natural cannabinoids have become the subject of intense scientific interest due to their unique biochemical profiles and

- Published: 2025-04-27
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabidiolic-acid-cbda/
- Categories: General

Over the past few decades, natural cannabinoids have become the subject of intense scientific interest due to their unique biochemical profiles and potential therapeutic effects. Substances found in plants of the Cannabis genus, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and their precursors, are actively studied in the context of treating a wide range of pathologies: from neurological disorders to inflammatory processes and oncological diseases. Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), the natural carboxylated form of CBD, occupies a special place among these compounds. CBDA exhibits promising biological properties and is currently being considered as a potential pharmacological agent. Unlike CBD, which forms as a result of thermal or time-induced decarboxylation, CBDA is the primary biosynthetic compound in the living plant. As most research has historically focused on decarboxylated forms of cannabinoids, CBDA has remained underexplored for a long time. However, recent scientific data indicate that CBDA possesses its own unique mechanism of action, distinct from CBD and other derivatives. In the context of the global search for new therapeutic strategies, the antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, and even potentially antimetastatic properties of CBDA, observed in preclinical models, deserve particular attention. In light of the growing scientific and clinical interest, the aim of this work is to provide a systematic review of the key aspects of cannabidiolic acid: its biogenesis, methods of extraction, pharmacological profile, and the prospects for clinical application. What is Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA)? Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is a natural organic compound from the class of phyto-cannabinoids, formed in Cannabis sativa L. plants during biosynthesis. It...

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> Cannabichromavarin (CBCV) is one of the lesser studied phytocannabinoids, also called cannabivarichromene, and occurs naturally in plants of the genus

- Published: 2025-04-25
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromevarin-cbcv/
- Categories: General

Cannabichromavarin (CBCV) is one of the lesser studied phytocannabinoids, also called cannabivarichromene, and occurs naturally in plants of the genus Cannabis. It is also a variation of the better-known cannabichromene (CBC), but has a shorter side alkyl chain, which distinguishes its pharmacological profile. CBCV belongs to a group of cannabinoids known as "propyl cannabinoids," which have garnered attention from researchers due to their potential therapeutic properties and unique interactions with the endocannabinoid system. Although CBCV is present in cannabis in only trace amounts, modern analytical techniques, such as HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), now allow for precise detection and study of this cannabinoid. The first mentions of CBCV appeared in scientific literature in the 1970s, but interest in minor cannabinoids, particularly CBCV, has surged over the last decade due to advancements in extraction and purification technologies, as well as a growing interest in personalized medicine based on natural compounds. Current research on CBCV is still in its early stages; however, preliminary data suggests it may play a role in regulating inflammation, pain, and neuroprotection. This review aims to systematically compile existing scientific knowledge about CBCV, exploring its chemical structure, biosynthesis, methods of extraction, potential mechanisms of action, and its prospects for medical applications. Origin and Biogenetic Pathway of Сannabivarichromene CBCV as a Member of Propyl Cannabinoids Cannabichromevarin (CBCV) is part of the lesser-studied group of propyl (varin) cannabinoids, which are compounds characterized by a three-carbon alkyl side chain (propyl group), in contrast to the more common cannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBC) that...

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> In modern science and medicine, cannabidiol (CBD) has gained widespread use due to its therapeutic properties. This compound from the Cannabis sativa

- Published: 2025-04-25
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/monomethyl-ether-of-cannabidiol-cbdm/
- Categories: General

In modern science and medicine, cannabidiol (CBD) has gained widespread use due to its therapeutic properties. This compound from the Cannabis sativa plant does not induce psychoactive effects, making it safe for use in treating various diseases. However, one of the primary issues associated with the medical use of CBD is its low bioavailability. CBD has limited ability to cross biological barriers, which reduces the effectiveness of treatment, especially in cases where prolonged effects on the body are needed. In recent years, researchers have focused on improving the properties of CBD through chemical modification. One of the most promising approaches is the creation of the Monomethyl Ether of Cannabidiol (CBDM). This form of CBD, with higher bioavailability and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, promises significant therapeutic advantages compared to traditional CBD-based products. CBDM, synthesized by methylating the cannabidiol molecule, opens up new possibilities in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, psychiatric disorders, and chronic pain. Its enhanced ability to more effectively penetrate cell membranes and greater stability make it a promising tool in medical practice. Scientific interest in CBDM is growing, as research shows that its properties may transform the approach to treating diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and anxiety disorders. In this context, it is essential to understand the molecular changes that occur during the methylation of cannabidiol and how these changes affect its therapeutic efficacy. CBDM: Molecular Structure and Chemical Characteristics How CBDM Differs from Classical CBD Monomethyl ether of cannabidiol (CBDM)...

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> Cannabinoids are potent bioactive compounds naturally found in cannabis plants. They interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, regulating a wide

- Published: 2025-04-25
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicyclovarin-cblv/
- Categories: General

Cannabinoids are potent bioactive compounds naturally found in cannabis plants. They interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, regulating a wide range of physiological functions such as pain, inflammation, stress responses, and neuroprotection. Over the past decade, cannabinoids have attracted significant attention from the scientific community due to their potential therapeutic properties, leading to their active use in medicine. Among the most well-known cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which have become the primary focus of research and therapeutic application. However, recently there has been growing interest in lesser-studied cannabinoids, such as cannabicyclovarin (CBLV). Despite its relatively recent discovery, CBLV shows significant potential in various areas of medicine, particularly in the treatment of inflammatory processes, chronic pain, and neurological disorders. It is an important cannabinoid that differs from CBD and THC not only in its chemical structure but also in its physiological effects. CBLV is a structural precursor to other cannabinoids and is formed during the biosynthesis process in the cannabis plant, yet its specific properties have not been studied sufficiently, which creates great opportunities for scientific research. Although CBD holds a leading position in the cannabinoid market and is highly popular among consumers due to its antipsychotic and anti-inflammatory properties, it is important to focus on the study of new cannabinoids such as CBLV, as their potential could significantly expand therapeutic applications. Research on CBLV may not only fill gaps in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system but also pave the way for new methods of treating chronic diseases,...

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> Within the chemical diversity of Cannabis sativa L., which includes over 150 identified phytocannabinoids, a significant portion of compounds remains

- Published: 2025-04-25
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicyclol-a-cbla/
- Categories: General

Within the chemical diversity of Cannabis sativa L. , which includes over 150 identified phytocannabinoids, a significant portion of compounds remains either uncharacterized or poorly studied. One such structurally unique, yet scientifically underexplored compound is Cannabicyclol A (CBLA). Despite its name similarity to Cannabicyclol (CBL), CBLA is not its full structural analog, but rather considered an isomeric or derivative form that is formed through the involvement of other cannabis metabolites, likely cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), under conditions of natural or induced transformation. From a scientific perspective, CBLA is potentially a stereoisomer or cyclic derivative containing characteristic cannabinoid skeleton fragments but with a different spatial configuration or linkage type between the rings. Its structural instability or tendency to undergo transformations under the influence of light, temperature, or pH may explain the lack of clear identification of this molecule for decades. Earlier literature references CBLA as a “potential degradation artifact,” though this approach is now considered outdated, as modern analytical chemistry methods allow for the verification of its presence in small but reproducible quantities in specific cannabis fractions. The relevance of studying CBLA stems from a broader trend in contemporary pharmacognosy: the shift from well-known primary cannabinoids to secondary and micro-components that may exhibit atypical or selective bioactivity. In the context of searching for new molecular targets, especially beyond the classical endocannabinoid system (CB1, CB2), CBLA could be considered a promising candidate-specifically for research on interactions with GPCR receptors, TRP channels, or signaling pathways related to oxidative stress modulation. Despite the fact that...

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> Cannabinoids are a large group of naturally occurring compounds synthesized by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. Their biological activity, pharmacological

- Published: 2025-04-23
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabicyclol-cbl/
- Categories: General

Cannabinoids are a large group of naturally occurring compounds synthesized by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. Their biological activity, pharmacological potential, and effects on the human body have been studied for over half a century. However, scientific focus has long been centered primarily on the most well-known cannabinoids-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Meanwhile, dozens of other cannabinoids present in trace amounts remain largely unexplored, despite their potential to possess equally important properties. One such lesser-known cannabinoid is cannabicyclol (CBL). This compound is not a major metabolite of cannabis but rather forms as a result of natural photochemical reactions that occur in plant material exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Due to its stability, unique chemical structure, and low concentration in the plant, CBL has long gone under the radar of researchers. However, recent trends in cannabinoid science indicate a growing interest in rare and under-studied molecules like this one. The scientific value of such compounds lies in their potential to reveal new mechanisms of action, novel therapeutic targets, and opportunities to develop medications that do not act through the classic cannabinoid receptors. In the ongoing search for alternatives to current treatments for chronic pain, inflammation.   Chemical Nature and Origin of Cannabicyclol (CBL) Cannabicyclol (CBL) is one of over 120 known phytocannabinoids. Unlike more widely recognized compounds such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), CBL is not a primary product of the biosynthetic pathways in Cannabis sativa. Its chemical characteristics, method of formation, and potential role within the cannabinoid profile set...

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> Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant, which has a long history of medicinal use. They belong to the group of secondary

- Published: 2025-04-23
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromenic-acid-cbca/
- Categories: General

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant, which has a long history of medicinal use. They belong to the group of secondary metabolites produced by the plant to protect against stressors such as ultraviolet radiation and pests. The major cannabinoids include Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their derivatives. However, recent research has also focused on lesser-known compounds, such as cannabichromenic acid (CBCA). Overview of Cannabinoids as Secondary Metabolites of Cannabis sativa Like other plant secondary metabolites, cannabinoids do not play a role in the primary biological processes such as the growth or development of the plant. However, their role in protecting against harmful environmental influences is crucial. Cannabinoids, in particular, can interact with various receptors in organisms, including humans, which underlies their biological activity. These compounds are synthesized in Cannabis sativa in their acidic forms, which then undergo decarboxylation to form neutral cannabinoids like THC and CBD. Position of CBCA among the Acidic Forms of Cannabinoids Cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) is one of the primary acidic precursors of cannabichromene (CBC), a cannabinoid that has gained attention due to its potential medical properties, particularly its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. CBCA is the precursor compound that converts into CBC after the loss of the carboxyl group. However, it is important to note that CBCA has its own unique properties, which may be beneficial for medicine, although research on this acid is ongoing. Defining CBCA as a Biochemical Precursor to Cannabichromene (CBC) and a Promising Standalone Compound While CBCA is a...

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> Cannabichromenic acid (CBCVA) is one of the lesser-known compounds among the cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. Like other cannabinoids, CBCVA has

- Published: 2025-04-21
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromenic-acid-cbcva/
- Categories: General

Cannabichromenic acid (CBCVA) is one of the lesser-known compounds among the cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. Like other cannabinoids, CBCVA has garnered significant scientific interest due to its potential pharmacological properties and its role in the metabolic pathways that synthesize other cannabinoids. However, unlike well-studied cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), CBCVA remains a poorly understood compound that requires more detailed investigation. This cannabinoid serves as a precursor to cannabichromene (CBC) and its derivatives, such as cannabichromenic acid (CBCA). However, it is present in much smaller quantities in cannabis plants, which complicates its study and practical applications. Of particular importance is CBCVA's role in cannabinoid biosynthesis and its potential for medical use, thanks to its possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Research on CBCVA includes both plant-based experiments and modeling the compound's effects on human biological systems. Although its therapeutic potential remains limited due to a lack of empirical studies, preliminary findings suggest that CBCVA may be effective in treating various diseases, particularly neuropathic disorders and inflammatory conditions. This paper explores the chemical structure, biosynthesis, and methods of synthesizing cannabichromenic acid, as well as its pharmacological effects. Special attention is given to analyzing the existing research and the potential use of CBCVA in medical and pharmaceutical practices. Introduction: What is Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCVA)? Cannabichromenic acid (CBCVA) is one of the many naturally occurring compounds belonging to the cannabinoid class found in Cannabis plants. Cannabinoids, particularly those present in hemp, have long attracted scientific attention due to their unique...

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> Cannabichromene (CBC) is one of the primary phytocannabinoids naturally produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. First isolated in 1966, CBC remains less

- Published: 2025-04-17
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/cannabichromene-cbc/
- Categories: General

Cannabichromene (CBC) is one of the primary phytocannabinoids naturally produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. First isolated in 1966, CBC remains less studied than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), although its chemical structure and pharmacological profile suggest it is just as promising. CBC does not produce psychoactive effects, yet it possesses a broad range of potential biological activity. In the phytocannabinoid system, CBC plays a unique role. It shares structural similarities with other non-psychoactive cannabinoids, such as CBD and CBN, but interacts with different molecular targets, particularly TRP receptors, rather than the CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Due to these properties, CBC has the potential to modulate the effects of other cannabis compounds, such as reducing THC’s psychoactivity or enhancing the pain-relieving properties of CBD. This opens up possibilities for creating combined phytotherapeutic formulations with targeted effects. The growing scientific interest in CBC is linked to its potential in neuroprotection, pain management, anti-inflammatory effects, and possible anti-tumor properties. According to research reviews published in the National Library of Medicine, CBC influences a variety of signaling pathways in the body, including both the endocannabinoid and transient receptor systems. As a result, studying CBC is a promising avenue in modern pharmacology, potentially leading to the development of new therapeutic agents without the risk of psychoactive side effects. How CBC Forms in the Plant What Are Phytocannabinoids and the Role of CBGA as the "Mother Molecule" Phytocannabinoids are natural compounds found in plants of the Cannabis genus, particularly in cannabis. They interact with various...

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> Cannabidiol, known as CBD, is one of over 100 active compounds found in the cannabis plant species. This natural substance is widely used in supplements,

- Published: 2023-08-31
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/what-is-cbd/
- Categories: General

Cannabidiol, known as CBD, is one of over 100 active compounds found in the cannabis plant species. This natural substance is widely used in supplements, food, cosmetics, and medicine. However, it differs from its sister compound, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is known for its psychoactive properties. THC is the main psychoactive substance in cannabis, responsible for the euphoria usually associated with cannabis use. On the other hand, CBD has no psychoactive effects and does not cause feelings of intoxication. This substance is considered safer and does not cause addiction. Recently, CBD has received significant attention as a potential treatment for various diseases and conditions. It is used to reduce pain, inflammatory reactions, anxiety, depression, and other mental states. Definition of cannabidiol (CBD) CBD is a natural chemical compound, known as a cannabinoid, found in Cannabis plants. It is one of over 100 cannabinoids found in these plants and is the second most common active component of cannabis after tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, unlike THC, CBD has no psychoactive properties, i. e. , it does not cause a "stoned" or "high" state associated with marijuana. CBD is produced from industrial hemp, which contains insignificant amounts of THC, so CBD-based products do not cause psychoactive effects. It can be extracted and processed into various products, including oils, creams, capsules, and others. Difference Between Cannabis And Hemp Cannabis and hemp both belong to the genus Cannabis, but their use, chemical composition, and legislative norms differ. Cannabis, often known as marijuana, is typically used for recreational...

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> What is THC? Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, is the major psychoactive component of cannabis. It is one of 113 different cannabinoids that have

- Published: 2023-08-31
- Modified: 2025-05-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/what-is-thc/
- Categories: General

What is THC? Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, is the major psychoactive component of cannabis. It is one of 113 different cannabinoids that have been identified. It is the chemical molecule in marijuana that is responsible for the majority of the psychoactive effects of using the substance in question. THC produces effects that are analogous to those of the cannabinoid compounds that are generated naturally by the body. It does this by binding to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, which activates those receptors. As a result, it regulates memory, pleasure, movement, thinking, concentration, coordination, and sense of time. THC is only one of the numerous chemicals that may be discovered in the resin that is produced by the glands of the cannabis plant. It is the primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis and is responsible for producing the "high" feeling. It may be taken in by smoking cannabis, and it is also available in a variety of other forms, including capsules, tinctures, edibles, oils, and smokeable concentrates. THC has a variety of applications in medicine; it may be used to treat a variety of illnesses; when taken for recreational purposes, it can generate feelings of pleasure and relaxation in certain people. What is tetrahydrocannabinol also known as? Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is sometimes referred to by the subsequent designations: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the predominant variant of THC present in the cannabis plant. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) is a variant of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that is relatively less recognized. However, it possesses psychotropic characteristics, albeit to a...

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> Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two types of cannabinoids that have received the most attention in recent years. However, this is

- Published: 2023-08-31
- Modified: 2025-06-08
- URL: https://cannabidiolcbd.org/the-list-of-cannabis-cannabinoids/
- Categories: General

Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two types of cannabinoids that have received the most attention in recent years. However, this is just the beginning, since cannabis has a cannabinoid profile that is quite intricate. What does the term "cannabinoids" mean?   Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds, each of which might vary significantly from the others. It is believed that one of the functions of these molecules in plants, known as phytocannabinoids, is to provide some degree of protection to the plant against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, disease, and predation. The term "endocannabinoids" refers to the cannabinoids that are naturally produced by the human body. These are absolutely necessary for the regulation of essential processes such as sleep, mood, the ability to manage pain, and the immunological response. It is possible for major health issues to manifest themselves whenever the body's natural production of endocannabinoids is insufficient. When this occurs in humans, phytocannabinoids such as those found in the cannabis plant have the potential to fill the void by replacing what the body is either unable to produce or is not making in adequate amounts. How many types of cannabinoids are in cannabis? Quantities range from 66 to a minimum of 113, and only a small number of cannabinoids have been subjected to rigorous scientific study. Cannabichromenes Cannabichromene (CBC) alternatively referred to as cannabichromene, pentylcannabichromene, or cannabinochromene, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that is naturally occurring in the Cannabis plant. Cannabis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and potentially contributes to the...

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